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Carnosic Acid Protects Mitochondria of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Paraquat Through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1Axis

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Abstract

Carnosic acid (CA; C20H28O4), which is also called salvin, is a major phenolic diterpene found in Rosmarinus officinalis L. and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. CA activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, leading to the upregulation of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione reductase (GR), γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), among others. We have previously demonstrated that CA upregulates the total and mitochondrial synthesis of glutathione (GSH), causing mitochondrial protection against paraquat (PQ) and methylglyoxal (MG). Nonetheless, the complete mechanism by which CA prevented mitochondrial dysfunction was not clear yet. Here, we examine whether HO-1 would be involved in the CA-induced mechanism of mitochondrial protection in SH-SY5Y-treated cells. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with CA (1 μM) for 12 h prior to a challenge with PQ at 100 μM for additional 24 h. Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX; a specific inhibitor of HO-1; 10 μM) was utilized prior to exposure to CA in order to investigate whether HO-1 was involved in the cytoprotective effects elicited by CA. We found that the CA-induced Nrf2-dependent HO-1 upregulation ameliorated, at least in part, the mitochondrial function in PQ-treated cells. Therefore, CA protected mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells and exerted anti-apoptotic effects by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). PFS and CSG receive a “CNPq Produtividade em Pesquisa” fellow. GCF is supported by Edital APQ1/FAPERJ and by CNPq.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil

    Marcos Roberto de Oliveira

  2. Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Alessandra Peres

  3. Centro de Pesquisa da Pós-Graduação, Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-060, Brazil

    Alessandra Peres

  4. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Gustavo Costa Ferreira

  5. Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil

    Patrícia Fernanda Schuck

  6. Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Clarissa S. Gama

  7. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Clarissa S. Gama

  8. Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Simone Morelo Dal Bosco

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  1. Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
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  2. Alessandra Peres
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  3. Gustavo Costa Ferreira
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Correspondence to Marcos Roberto de Oliveira.

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de Oliveira, M.R., Peres, A., Ferreira, G.C. et al. Carnosic Acid Protects Mitochondria of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Paraquat Through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1Axis. Mol Neurobiol 54, 5961–5972 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0100-3

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