Abstract
Cuddapah Basin (CB) is an intracontinental, Proterozoic basin flanked by Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) in the west, Nellore Schist Belt (NSB) and Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB) in the east, represents second largest Proterozoic basin of India. Gravity and magnetic surveys were carried out at the interface of Cuddapah Basin (CB) and Nellore Schist Belt (NSB) covering ~2880 km2 area. Gravity map has brought out some distinct zones. The thrusted contact of NSB and Cuddapah sediments has been well delineated from the gravity map by NE–SW trending steep gradient of contours. Relatively high gravity values are observed over NSB in the southeastern part, moderately high values are observed over Cumbum Formation, but distinct low is observed over Baironkonda Formation. These gravity highs and lows are mainly the manifestation of basement characteristics and intrusives. The magnetic map shows two distinct domains, viz., moderate to low zone in the southern part, and moderate to high zone in the northern part. Regional gravity map suggests a change in basement characteristics from felsic to mafic from NW to SE. Presence of mafic basement may be representing EGMB group of rocks underneath the Cuddapah sediments at the eastern part of the study area. The joint gravity and magnetic modelling reveal varied nature of sedimentary units in terms of density and susceptibility and change in basement characteristic.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anand M, Gibson S, Subba Rao V, Keelly S P and Dickin A P 2003 Early Proterozoic melt generation process beneath the intra-cratonic Cuddapah Basin, southern India; J. Petrol. 44(12) 2139–2172.
Barton P J 1986 The relationship between seismic velocity and density in the continental crust – a useful constraint? Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 87 195–206.
Chandrakala K, Mall D M, Sarkar D and Pandey O P 2013 Seismic imaging of the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, south India and regional geodynamics; Precamb. Res. 213 277–289.
Chandrakala K, Pandey O P, Prasad A S S S R S and Sain K 2015 Seismic imaging across the Eastern Ghats Belt–Cuddapah Basin collisional zone, southern Indian Shield and possible geodynamic implications; Precamb. Res. 271 56–64.
Chetty T R K 2011 Tectonics of Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin, southern India: A conceptual model; J. Geol. Soc. India 78 446–456.
Chetty T R K and Murthy D S N 1994 Collision tectonics in the late Precambrian Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt: Mesoscopic to satellite-scale structural observations; Terra Nova 6(1) 72–81.
Chouhan A K, Singh D, Pal S K and Choudhury P 2020 Delineation of subsurface geological fractures in the Cambay rift and surrounding regions of NW India: An integrated approach using satellite derived EIGEN-6C4 gravity data; Geocarto Int., https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2020.1716395.
Chowdari S, Singh B, Rao B N, Kumar N, Singh A P and Chandrasekhar D V 2017 Structural mapping based on potential field and remote sensing data, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India; J. Earth Syst. Sci. 126 84.
Christensen N I and W D Mooney 1995 Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: A global view; J. Geophys. Res. 195(100) 9761–9788.
Crawford A R and Compston W 1973 The age of the Cuddapah and Kurnool systems, southern India; J. Geol. Soc. Australia 19(4) 453–464.
Dasgupta S, Bose S and Das K 2013 Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India; Precamb. Res. 227 247–258.
Dharma Rao C V and Reddy U V B 2009 Petrological and geochemical characterization of Proterozoic ophiolitic mélange, Nellore–Khammam schist belt, SE India; J. Asian Earth Sci. 36 261–276.
Dobmeier C J and Raith M M 2003 Crustal architecture and evolution of the Eastern Ghats belt and adjacent regions of India; In: Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup (eds) Yoshida M, Windley B F and Dasgupta S; Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 206 145–168.
Dobrin M B and Savit C H 1988 Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting; McGraw-Hill Book Company, ISBN 0-07-100404-1.
Fountain D M and Salisbury M H 1981 Exposed cross-sections through the continental crust: Implications for crustal structure, petrology, and evolution; Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 56 263–277.
Ganguli S S, Singh S, Das N, Maurya D, Pal S K and Rama Rao J V 2019 Gravity and magnetic survey in south western part of Cuddapah Basin, India and its implication for shallow crustal architecture and mineralization; J Geol. Soc. India 93(4) 419–430.
GM-SYS 2004 Geophysical Processing and Analysis module of Geosoft, Inc.
GSI-NGRI 2006 Gravity Anomaly Map of India on 1:2 Million Scale. Geological Survey of India, Hyderabad, and National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India; Maps 1–13.
Gibb R A and Thomas M D 1976 Gravity signature of fossil plate boundaries in the Canadian Shield; Nature 262 (5565) 199.
Gibb R A, Thomas M D, Lapointe P L and Mukhopadhyay M 1983 Geophysics of proposed Proterozoic sutures in Canada; Precamb. Res. 19(4) 349–384.
Gupta V K and Ramani N 1980 Some aspects of regional residual separation of gravity anomalies in a Precambrian terrain; Geophysics 45 1412–1426.
Hinze W J, Von Frese R R and Saad A H 2013 Gravity and magnetic exploration: Principles, practices, and applications, Cambridge University Press.
Jayananda M, Moyen J F, Martin H, Peucat J J, Auvray B and Mahabaleswar B 2000 Late Archaean (2550–2520 Ma) juvenile magmatism in the Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India: Constraints from geochronology, Nd–Sr isotopes, and whole rock geochemistry; Precamb. Res. 99(3–4) 225–254.
Kaila K L, Chowdhury K R, Reddy P R, Krishna V G, Narain H, Subbotin S I, Sollogub V B, Chekunov AV, Kharetchko G E, Lazarenko M A and Ilchenko T V 1979 Crustal structure along Kavali–Udipi profile in the Indian peninsular shield from deep seismic sounding; J. Geol. Soc. India 20 307–333.
Kaila K L and Tewari H C 1985 Structural trends in the Cuddapah basin from deep seismic soundings (DSS) and their tectonic implications; Tectonophys. 115 (1–2) 69–86.
Kailasam L N 1976 Geophysical studies of the major sedimentary basins of the Indian craton, their deep structural features and evolution; Tectonophys. 36(1–3) 225–245.
Kesavamani M, Rao N B K and Rama Rao J V 1997 Characteristics of granite greenstone basement below the Cuddapahs: A geophysical insight; J. Geophys. Union 6 27–29.
Krishna Brahmam N 1989 Gravity and seismicity of the Cuddapah basin and surrounding places; J. Geol. Soc. India 34 373–384.
Kumar U, Narayan S and Pal S K 2019 New insights on structure and tectonics over the Laxmi Ridge using EIGEN-6C4 modelled gravity data; Ind. J. Geo Marine Sci. 48(12) 1999–2005.
Kumar U, Pal S K, Sahoo S D, Narayan S, Saurav, Mondal S and Gunguli S S 2018 Lineament mapping over Sir Creek offshore and its surroundings using high resolution EGM2008 Gravity data: An integrated derivative approach; J. Geol. Soc. India 91(6) 671–678.
Mall D M, Pandey O P, Chandrakala K and Reddy P R 2008 Imprints of a Proterozoic tectonothermal anomaly below the 1.1 Ga kimberlitic province of southwest Cuddapah Basin, Dharwar Craton (southern India); Geophys. J. Int. 172 422–438.
Mandal A, Gupta S, Mohanty W K and Misra S 2015 Sub-surface structure of a craton–mobile belt interface: Evidence from geological and gravity studies across the Rengali Province–Eastern Ghats Belt boundary, eastern India; Tectonophys. 662 140–152.
Manikyamba C, Kerrich Robert, Ignacio Gonzalez-Alvarez, Mathur R and Khanna T C 2008 Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic black shales from the intracontinental Cuddapah basin, India: Implications for provenance, tectonic setting, and weathering intensity; Precamb. Res. 162 424–440.
Marquardt D W 1963 An algorithm for least squares estimation of non-linear parameters; J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 11 431–441.
Mishra D C 2011 Gravity and Magnetic Methods for Geological Studies; BS Publications, CRC Press, Hyderabad, USA, 938p.
Murthy Y G K 1981 The Cuddapah Basin – A review of basin development and basement framework relations; Fourth workshop on Status, Problems and Programmes in Cuddapah basin, Institute of Indian Peninsular Geology, Hyderabad, pp. 51–73.
Pal S K and Kumar S 2019 Subsurface structural mapping using EIGEN-6C4 data over Bundelkhand craton and surroundings: An appraisal on kimberlite/lamproite emplacement; J. Geol. Soc. India 94(2) 188–196.
Pal S K, Vaish J, Kumar S and Bharti A K 2016 Coalfire mapping of East Basuria Colliery, Jharia coal field using Vertical Derivative Technique of Magnetic data; J. Earth Syst. Sci. 125(1) 165–178.
Pal S K, Vaish J, Kumar S, Priyam P, Bharti A K and Kumar R 2017 Downward continuation and Tilt Derivative of magnetic data for delineation of concealed coal fire in East Basuria Colliery, Jharia coal field, India; J. Earth Syst. Sci. 126(53) 1–17.
Pandey O P, Chandrakala K, Vasanthi A and Kumar K S 2018 Seismically imaged shallow and deep crustal structure and potential field anomalies across the Eastern Dharwar Craton, south Indian shield: Possible geodynamical implications; J. Asian Earth Sci. 157 302–316.
Radhakrishna M, Twinkle D, Nayak S, Bastia R and Rao G S 2012 Crustal structure and rift architecture across the Krishna–Godavari basin in the central Eastern Continental Margin of India based on analysis of gravity and seismic data; Mar. Petrol. Geol. 37(1) 129–146.
Ram Babu H V 1993 Basement structure of the Cuddapah Basin from gravity anomalies; Tectonophys. 223 411–422.
Ramadass G, Rao I R and Himabindu D 2006 Crustal configuration of the Dharwar craton, India, based on joint modelling of regional gravity and magnetic data; J. Asian Earth Sci. 26(5) 437–448.
Rao G S, Kumar M and Radhakrishna M 2018 Structure, mechanical properties and evolution of the lithosphere below the northwest continental margin of India; Int. J. Earth Sci. 107(6) 2191–2207.
Saha D and Chakraborti S 2007 Advective heat transfer and fabric development in a shallow crustal intrusive granite – the case of Proterozoic Vellaturu granite, south India; J. Earth Syst. Sci. 116(5) 433–450.
Saha D, Chakraborty S and Tripathy V 2010 Intracontinental thrusts and inclined transpression along eastern margin of the Dharwar craton, India; J. Geol. Soc. India 75 323–337.
Saha D and Tripathy V 2012 Paleoproterozic sedimentation in the Cuddapah basin, south India and regional tectonics: A review; In: Paleoproterozoic of India (eds) Mazumder R and Saha D, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 365(1) 161–184, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP365.2.
Saha D and Patranabis-Deb S 2014 Proterozoic evolution of Eastern Dharwar and Bastar cratons, India – an overview of the intracratonic basins, craton margins and mobile belts; J. Asian Earth Sci. 91 230–251.
Saha D, Sain A, Nandi P, Mazumder R and Kar R 2015 Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Nellore schist belt, southern India, since the Neoarchaean; Geol. Soc. London, Memoirs 43(1) 269–282.
Sahoo S D and Pal S K 2019 Mapping of structural lineaments and fracture zones around the Central Indian Ridge (10°–21°S) using EIGEN-6C4 Bouguer gravity data; J. Geol. Soc. India 94(4) 359–366.
Singh A P and Mishra D C 2002 Tectono sedimentary evolution of Cuddapah basin and Eastern Ghats mobile belt (India) as Proterozoic collision: Gravity, seismic and geodynamic constraints; J. Geodyn. 33 249–267.
Singh B, Rao M P, Prajapati S K and Swarnapriya C 2014 Combined gravity and magnetic modelling over Pavagadh and Phenaimata igneous complexes, Gujarat, India: Inference on emplacement history of Deccan volcanism; J. Asian Earth Sci. 80 119–133.
Smithson S B 1971 Densities of metamorphic rocks; Geophysics 36(4) 690–694.
Spector A and Grant F S 1970 Statistical methods for interpreting aeromagnetic data; Geophysics 35 293–302.
Subrahmanyam C and Verma R K 1982 Gravity interpretation of the Dharwar greenstone-gneiss-granite terrain in the southern Indian shield and its geological implications; Tectonophys. 84(2–4) 225–245.
Talwani M and Heirtzler J R 1964 Computation of magnetic anomalies caused by two dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape; In: Computers in the mineral industries (ed.) Parks G A, Part 1, vol. 9, Stanford University Publications, Geological Sciences, pp. 464–480.
Talwani M, Worel J L and Landisman M 1959 Rapid gravity computations for two-dimensional bodies with application to the Mendocino submarine fracture zone; J. Geophys. Res. 64 49–59.
Tripathy V and Saha D 2013 Plate margin paleostress variations and intracontinental deformations in the evolution of the Cuddapah basin through Proterozoic; Precamb. Res. 235 107–130.
Thomas M D, Grieve R A F and Sharpton V L 1992 Structural fabric of the North American continent, as defined by gravity trends; In: Basement tectonics (ed.) Mason R, Vol. 7, Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 257–276.
Vijaya Kumar K, Ernst W G, Leelanandam C, Wooden J L and Grove N J 2010 First Paleoproterozoic ophiolite from Gondwana: Geochronologic–geochemical documentation of ancient oceanic crust from Kandra, SE India; Tectonophys. 487 22–32.
Webring M W 1985 SAKI: A Fortran program for generalized linear inversion of gravity and magnetic profiles; USGS Open File Rep 85–12 104.
Acknowledgements
Authors are sincerely thankful to Prof M Radhakrishna, Associate Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. Authors are also thankful to the Director General, Geological Survey of India, for encouragement and providing the permission to publish the work. Likewise, authors thank the Director, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad and the Head, Dept. of App. Geophysics, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad for their keen interest in this study. Views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the organisation they belong to. SKP is thankful to ISRO, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India for funding RESPOND Project ISRO/RES/630/2016-17 and DST, SERB for FIST Project No. SR/FST/ES-1/2017/12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Munukutla Radhakrishna
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ganguli, S.S., Pal, S.K., Rama Rao, J.V. et al. Gravity–magnetic appraisal at the interface of Cuddapah Basin and Nellore Schist Belt (NSB) for shallow crustal architecture and tectonic settings. J Earth Syst Sci 129, 92 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-1354-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-1354-8