Abstract
Even though the Internet promotes data sharing and transparency, however it does not protect digital content. In today’s digital world, it has become a difficult task to release a DRM (Digital Rights Management) system that can be considered well-protected. Digital content that becomes easily available in open-source environments will in time be worthless to the creator. There may only be a one-time payment to creators upon initial upload to a given platform after which time the rights of the intellectual property are shifted to the platform itself. However, due to the online availability of content, anyone can download content and make copies. The value of digital content slowly decreases, because the value of content can usually be determined through the difficulty of it’s accessibility. There is no way to track the leakage or copyright for the spread of digital material. In this paper, a distributed media transaction framework for DRM is proposed, which is based on the digital watermarking and a scalable blockchain model. In this paper, our focus is on improving the classic blockchain systems to make it suitable for a DRM model. The DRM model in this paper allows only authorized users to use online content and provide original multimedia content. While the digital watermarking is used to reclaim the copyright ownership of offline contents in the event when the contents are leaked.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
25 March 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-021-01098-2
References
Bitcion charts and graphs. https://www.blockchain.com/charts
Competition for authenticated encryption: Security, applicability, and robustness (2015). https://competitions.cr.yp.to/caesar.html
Eos (2019). https://eos.io
Nist competition (2019). https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Lightweight-Cryptography
resonate music (2019). http://www.resonate.is
Ripple (2019). http://www.ripple.com
ujo music (2019). http://www.ujomusic.com
Baza M, Mahmoud M, Srivastava G, Alasmary W, Younis M (2020) A light blockchain-powered privacy-preserving organization scheme for ride sharing services. In: 2020 IEEE 91St vehicular technology conference (VTC2020-spring). IEEE, pp 1–6
Beaulieu R, Treatman-Clark S, Shors D, Weeks B, Smith J, Wingers L (2015) The simon and speck lightweight block ciphers. In: Design automation conference (DAC), 2015 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE. IEEE, pp 1–6
Bhowmik D, Feng T (2017) The multimedia blockchain: A distributed and tamper-proof media transaction framework. In: 22Nd international conference on digital signal processing, DSP 2017, London. IEEE, pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDSP.2017.8096051
Chen Q, Srivastava G, Parizi RM, Aloqaily M, Al Ridhawi I (2020) An incentive-aware blockchain-based solution for internet of fake media things. Inf Process Manag:102370
Dwivedi A (2020) Security analysis of lightweight iot cipher: Chaskey Cryptography 4(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography4030022
Dwivedi A, Morawiecki P, Srivastava G (2019) Differential cryptanalysis of round-reduced speck suitable for internet of things devices. IEEE Access 7:16476–16486
Dwivedi A, Morawiecki P, Wójtowicz S (2018) Finding differential paths in arx ciphers through nested monte-carlo search. Int J Electron Telecommun 64(2):147–150
Gaber T, Ahmed A, Mostafa A (2020) Privdrm: a privacy-preserving secure digital right management system. In: Proceedings of the Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, pp 481–486
Gallardo-Saavedra S, Hernández-Callejo L, Duque-Perez O (2018) Image resolution influence in aerial thermographic inspections of photovoltaic plants. IEEE Trans Indust Inf 14(12):5678–5686
Goyal P, Netravali R, Alizadeh M, Balakrishnan H (2019) Secure incentivization for decentralized content delivery. In: 2Nd {USENIX} workshop on hot topics in edge computing (hotedge 19)
Guan Z, Garba A, Li A, Chen Z, Kaaniche N (2019) Authledger: A novel blockchain-based domain name authentication scheme
Guo J, Li C, Zhang G, Sun Y, Bie R (2020) Blockchain-enabled digital rights management for multimedia resources of online education. Multim Tools Appl 79(15-16):9735–9755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08059-1
Im DKD The blockchain trilemma (2018)
Kamal M, Srivastava G, Tariq M (2020) Blockchain-based lightweight and secured v2v communication in the internet of vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Kishigami J, Fujimura S, Watanabe H, Nakadaira A, Akutsu A (2015) The blockchain-based digital content distribution system. In: 2015 IEEE Fifth international conference on big data and cloud computing. IEEE, pp 187–190
Ma Z, Huang W, Gao H (2018) A new blockchain-based trusted DRM scheme for built-in content protection. EURASIP. J Image Video Process 2018:91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-018-0327-1
Ma Z, Jiang M, Gao H, Wang Z (2018) Blockchain for digital rights management. Futur Gener Comput Syst 89:746–764
McConaghy T, Holtzman D (2015) Towards an ownership layer for the internet ascribe. GmbH
Meng Z, Morizumi T, Miyata S, Kinoshita H (2018) 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2018, Tokyo, Vol 2. IEEE Computer Society, pp 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2018.10258. In: Reisman S, Ahamed SI, Demartini C, Conte TM, Liu L, Claycomb WR, Nakamura M, Tovar E, Cimato S, Lung C, Takakura H, Yang J, Akiyama T, Zhang Z, Hasan K (eds)
Mishra D (2015) An accountable privacy architecture for digital rights management system. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology 2015. ACM, pp 328–332
Nakamoto S (2008) Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system
RaidenGavin W Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger (2014). https://gavwood.com/paper.pdf
Rashid A (2016) Digital watermarking applications and techniques: a brief review. Int J Compute Appl Technol Res 5(3):147–150
Singh R, Dwivedi A, Srivastava G, Wiszniewska-Matyszkiel A, Cheng X (2020) A game theoretic analysis of resource mining in blockchain. Cluster Computing: The Journal of Networks, Software Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-020-03046-w
Singh R, Dwivedi A, Srivastava G (2020) Internet of things based blockchain for temperature monitoring and counterfeit pharmaceutical prevention. Sensors 20(14):3951
Singh R, Dwivedi A, Srivastava G (2020) Internet of things based blockchain for temperature monitoring and counterfeit pharmaceutical prevention. Sensors 20(14):3951. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143951
Singh R, Dwivedi A, Srivastava G, Wiszniewska-matyszkiel A, Cheng X (2020) A game theoretic analysis of resource mining in blockchain. Cluster Comput 23(3):2035–2046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-020-03046-w
Srivastava G, Dhar S, Dwivedi A, Crichigno J (2019) Blockchain education. In: 2019 IEEE Canadian conference of electrical and computer engineering, CCECE 2019. IEEE, Edmonton, pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2019.8861828
Srivastava G, Dwivedi AD, Singh R (2018) Automated remote patient monitoring: Data sharing and privacy using blockchain. CoRR arXiv:. 1811.03417
Vishwa A, Hussain FK (2018) A blockchain based approach for multimedia privacy protection and provenance. In: 2018 IEEE Symposium series on computational intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, pp 1941–1945
Xia Z, Jiang L, Ma X, Yang W, Ji P, Xiong N (2019) A privacy-preserving outsourcing scheme for image local binary pattern in secure industrial internet of things. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
Zhang K, Jacobsen HA (2018) Towards dependable, scalable, and pervasive distributed ledgers with blockchains. In: ICDCS, pp 1337–1346
Acknowledgments
The work of Ashutosh Dhar Dwivedi and Anwar Hasan is supported by University of Waterloo, Canada. Abba Garba and Zhong Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 61672060 and Gautam Srivastava is supported by the grant Natural Sciences Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant program (RGPIN-2020-05363).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Blockchain for Peer-to-Peer Computing
Guest Editors: Keping Yu, Chunming Rong, Yang Cao, and Wenjuan Li
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Garba, A., Dwivedi, A.D., Kamal, M. et al. A digital rights management system based on a scalable blockchain. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 14, 2665–2680 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-020-01023-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-020-01023-z