Skip to main content
Log in

Leisurely Lesbians in a Small City in South Africa

  • Published:
Urban Forum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Over the past two decades, particularly in post-industrial societies, the geographies of gay men’s and, to a lesser extent, gay women’s lives have received considerable research attention. A central research interest has been the mapping of gay geographies of leisure. There are, however, fewer studies in the academic record about gay leisure geographies in the developing world context, particularly in Africa. This investigation aims to address an aspect of this investigatory oversight by looking through the lens of white gay women in the city of Bloemfontein, South Africa. The study maps white gay women’s leisure-seeking and positions their (sexual) desire(s) relative to other homosexual and heterosexual leisure geographies. A highly complex and contradictory set of spatial and temporal patterns and practices emerge in which desire and repulsion are often in close proximity located in a number of leisure, retail, work, and private spaces. In addition, these spaces are inhabited by a range of different identity cohorts according to gender, gender performativity, class, and race.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The views of some of the leisure venues mentioned were obtained. The quality and value of the responses were, however, not deemed sufficient to include in this investigation.

  2. Lipstick lesbian describes lesbian and bisexual women who exhibit feminine gender attributes, such as wearing make-up, wearing dresses or skirts, and perhaps having other characteristics associated with feminine women. Diesel dyke is generally seen as derogatory slang for lesbians whose gender perfomativity is particularly male-like; although in the broader literature, the term is being appropriated regardless of individual gender expression.

  3. It must be noted that the history of gay men and gay women suggests that gay women were in fact, the first to fight for their rights.

  4. A darkroom is a darkened room, sometimes located in a nightclub, gay bathhouse, or sex club where sexual activity can take place.

References

  • Achmat, Z. (1993). Apostles of civilized vice: immoral practices and unnatural vice in South African prisons and compounds, 1890-1920. Social Dynamics, 19(2), 92–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aitchison, C., & Reeves, C. (1998). Gendered (bed)spaces: the culture and commerce of women-only tourism. In C. Aitchison & F. Jordan (Eds.), Gender, space and identity: leisure, culture and commerce (pp. 47–68). Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitkenhead, D. (1997). The queen is dead. The Modern Review November: 23–26.

  • Bell, D., & Binnie, J. (Eds.). (2000). The sexual citizen: queer politics and beyond: geographies of sexualities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, D., & Valentine, G. (Eds.). (1995). Mapping desire: geographies of sexualities. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, D., Binnie, J., Cream, J., & Valentine, G. (1994). All hyped up and no place to go. Gender pace and culture: a journal of feminist geography, 1, 31–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, K., Brown, G., & Lim, J. (Eds.). (2006). Sexy spaces. London: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullough, V. (2002). Before Stonewall: activists in lesbian and gay rights in historical context. New York: Harrington Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirsuweit, T. (1999). Carceral spaces in South Africa: a case study of institutional power, sexuality and transgression. Geoforum, 30, 71–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du Pisani, K. (2001). Puritanism-transformed Afrikaner masculinities in the apartheid and post-apartheid period. In R. Morell (Ed.), Changing men in southern Africa (pp. 157–176). Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gevisser, M., & Cameron, E. (Eds.). (1993). Defiant desire: gay and lesbian lives in South Africa. Johannesburg: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, B. (1997). Ethnic and cultural diversity among lesbians and gay men. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkey, K., & Forsyth, A. (2001). Men in the valley: gay male life on the suburban-rural fringe. Journal of Rural Studies, 17(4), 421–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leap, W. (2005). Finding the centre: claiming gay space in Cape Town. In M. van Zyl & M. Steyn (Eds.), Performing queer: shaping sexualities 1994–2004 (pp. 235–266). Cape Town: Kwela.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotter, J. M. (Ed). (1979). Sosiale probleme in Suid-Afrika. Pretoria: Raad vir Geestewetenskaplike Navorsing, Instituut vir Sosiologiese, Demografiese en Kriminologiese Navorsing.

  • Lynch, F. (1987). Non-ghetto gays: a sociological study of suburban homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 11, 83–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moodie, T. D. (1993). Migrancy and male sexuality on the South African gold mines. Journal of Southern African Studies, 14(2), 494–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muntingh, D. (1967). Lesbinisme: ‘n sosiologiese studie. MA thesis, University of Pretoria.

  • Oswin, N. (2005). Researching ‘gay Cape Town’, finding value-added queerness. Social and Cultural Geography, 6(4), 567–586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, A., Morgan, N., & Sedgley, D. (2002). In search of lesbian space? The experience of Manchester’s gay village. Leisure Studies, 21(2), 105–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rink, B. (2007). Community as utopia: reflections on De Waterkant. Urban Forum, 19(2), 205–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothenberg, T. (1995). ‘And she told two friends’: lesbians creating urban space. In D. Bell & G. Valentine (Eds.), Mapping desire: geographies of sexualities (pp. 165–181). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rushbrook, D. (2002). Cities, queer space, and the cosmopolitan tourist. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 8(1–2), 183–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schurink, W. J. (1979). Gay-vroue: 'n sosiologiese verkenning van die leefwyse van 'n aantal lesbiers aan die hand van outobiografiese sketse. In Sosiale probleme in Suid-Afrika, J. M. Lotter (Ed). Pretoria: Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing, Instituut vir Sosiologiese, Demografiese en Kriminologiese Navorsing.

  • Shields, R. (1991). Places on the margin. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shurmer-Smith, P., & Hannam, K. (1994). Worlds of desire, realms of power: a cultural geography. London: Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skeggs, B. (1999). Matter out of place: visibility and sexualities in leisure spaces. Leisure Studies, 18(3), 213–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, G. (1993). (Hetero)sexing space: lesbian perceptions and experiences of everyday spaces. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11, 395–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zyl, M., & Steyn, M. (Eds.). (2005). Performing queer: shaping sexualities 1994–2004. Cape Town: Kwela.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2003a). Gay men, leisure space and South African cities: the case of Cape Town. Geoforum, 34(1), 123–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2003b). Gay men, tourism and urban space: reflections on Africa’s ‘gay capital’. Tourism Geographies, 5(2), 168–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2006). Homonormalising heterosexual leisure spaces: the case of Bloemfontein. University of the Free State: Published report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2008a). The homonormalisation of white heterosexual leisure spaces in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Geoforum, 39(3), 1347–1361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, G. (2008b). Exploratory notes on the geography of black gay leisure spaces in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Urban Forum, 19(4), 413–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gustav Visser.

Appendix 1: Interviewees cited in this paper

Appendix 1: Interviewees cited in this paper

Interviewed in 2006

Men

Adam, 28 years old, medical representative, in a relationship.

Dizzy, 36 years old, hair stylist, single.

Phoenix, 25 years old, lecturer, single.

Peter, 44 years old, teacher, in a relationship.

Interviewed in 2008

Women

Belinda, 23 years old, sales coordinator, in a relationship.

Carien, 30 years old, sales representative, in a relationship.

Driekie, 28 years old, personal assistant, in a relationship.

Elmarie, 24 years old, receptionist, in a relationship.

Fay, 43 years old, training manager, in a relationship.

Heidi, 27 years old, lecturer, in a relationship.

Gerda, 26 years old, receptionist, single.

Ilse, 20 years old, administrative clerk, in a relationship.

Jay, 20 years old, shop assistant, in a relationship.

Karien, 27 years old, electrical retail, in a relationship.

Linda, 24 years old, article clerk, in a relationship.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Visser, G. Leisurely Lesbians in a Small City in South Africa. Urban Forum 21, 171–185 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-010-9084-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-010-9084-7

Keywords

Navigation