Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flexible Foundation Effect on Seismic Analysis of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Dams Using Finite Element Method

  • Structural Engineering
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

Recently, Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dams have become one of the most applicable types of dams across the globe. However, the basic challenge in analysis of RCC dams is evaluation of the actual response under earthquake excitations with considering flexible foundation and impounded water. For this purpose, a finite element model of RCC Dam-Reservoir-Foundation is accurately developed and dynamic time history analysis is utilized to assess the seismic responses in terms of acceleration, displacements, stresses, cracking patterns and crack propagation by implementation of concrete damaged plasticity model. A verification model is carried out to show the work accuracy. Based on these explanations, the obtained results showed that, however, the hydrodynamic pressure due to the reservoir water had great influence on seismic responses of the RCC dam with rigid foundation especially in terms of displacement response but overall responses of the dam are greatly fluctuated while flexible foundation is taken into consideration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akkose, M., Bayraktar, A., and Dumanoglu, A. a. (2008). “Reservoir water level effects on nonlinear dynamic response of arch dams.” Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 418–435, Retrieved from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889974607000825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayari, M. L. (1990). “A fracture mechanics based seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams using discrete cracks.” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 35, Nos. 1-3, pp. 587–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayraktar, A., Turker, T., and Akkose, M. (2010). “The effect of reservoir length on seismic performance of gravity dams to near-and far-fault ground motions.” Nat Hazards, pp. 257–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharjee, S. S. and Leger, P. (1993). “Seismic cracking and energy dissipation in concrete gravity dams.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 22, pp. 991–1007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burman, A., Maity, D., and Sreedeep, S. (2010). “Iterative analysis of concrete gravity dam-nonlinear foundation interaction.” International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 85–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burman, A., Nayak, P., Agrawal, P., and Maity, D. (2012). “Coupled gravity dam–foundation analysis using a simplified direct method of soil–structure interaction.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 62–68, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.10.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calayir, Y. and Karaton, M. (2005a). “A continuum damage concrete model for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dam–reservoir systems.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 857–869, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.05.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calayir, Y. and Karaton, M. (2005b). Seismic fracture analysis of concrete gravity dams including dam–reservoir interaction. Computers & Structures, Vol. 83, Nos. 19-20, pp. 1595–1606, DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2005.02.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chahrour, A. H. and Ohtsu, M. (1994). “Crack growth prediction in scaled down model of concrete gravity dam.” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 29–40, DOI: 10.1016/0167-8442(94)90006-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti, P. and Chopra, A. K. (1973). “A computer program for earthquake analysis of gravity dams including reservoir interaction.” Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley AD 766 271 A04.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, A. K. (2001). Dynamics of Structures Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demirel, E. (2015). “Numerical simulation of earthquake excited damreservoirs with irregular geometries using an immersed boundary method.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 73, pp. 80–90, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.03.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fazeli, M. and Ghaemian, M. (2005). “Parametric study of nonlinear smeared crack model in concrete gravity dams under earthquake ground motion.” In 2NCCE, Second National Conference, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenves, G. and Chopra, A. K. (1984). “Earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams including reservoir bottom absorption and dam-waterfoundation rock interaction.” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 663–680, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4290120507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ftima, M. and Léger, P. (2006). “Seismic stability of cracked concrete dams using rigid block models.” Computers & Structures, Vol. 84, No. 28, pp. 1802–1814, DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.04.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., Jin, F., Wang, X., and Wang, J. (2011). “Finite element analysis of dam-reservoir interaction using high-order doubly asymptotic open boundary.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2011, pp. 1–23.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaedi, K. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017). “Earthquake Prediction.” In T. Zouaghi (Ed.), Earthquakes -Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation, pp. 205–227, InTech. http://doi.org/10.5772/65511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaedi, K., Jameel, M., Ibrahim, Z., and Khanzaei, P. (2016). “Seismic analysis of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dams considering effect of sizes and shapes of galleries.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 261–272, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-015-0538-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaemian, M. (2000). Concrete dams: Seismic analysis, Design and Retrifitting.

    Google Scholar 

  • GHD (2002). Study of restrictions on RCC temperature, Stage 2 development of Ipoh water supply.

  • Ghrib, F., Lupien, R., Veineux, M., Léger, P., and Tinawi, R. (1995). “A Progressive methodology for seismic safety evaluation of gravity dams.” In Canadian Dam Association Conference (p. 83).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guanglun, W., Pekau, O. A., Chuhan, Z., and Shaomin, W. (2000). “Seismic fracture analysis of concrete gravity dams based on nonlinear fracture mechanics.” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 65, pp. 67–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hariri-Ardebili, M. A. and Seyed-Kolbadi, S. M. (2015). “Seismic cracking and instability of concrete dams: Smeared crack approach.” Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 52, pp. 45–60, DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.02.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hariri-Ardebili, M. A., Seyed-Kolbadi, S. M., and Kianoush, M. R. (2016). “FEM-based parametric analysis of a typical gravity dam considering input excitation mechanism.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 84, pp. 22–43, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.01.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatami, K. (1997). “Effect of reservoir bottom on earthquake response of concrete dams.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 16, Nos. 7-8, pp. 407–415, DOI: 10.1016/S0267-7261(97)00023-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, J. (2011). Seismic response evaluation of concrete gravity dams subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motions, Drexel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huda, A. M., Jaafar, M. S., Noorzaei, J., Thanoon, W. A., and Mohammed, T. A. (2010). “Modelling the effects of sediment on the seismic behaviour of kinta roller compacted concrete dam.” Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 43–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartal, M. E. (2012). “Three-dimensional earthquake analysis of rollercompacted concrete dams.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 2369–2388, DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-2369-2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khazaee, A. and Lotfi, V. (2014). “Application of perfectly matched layers in the transient analysis of dam-reservoir systems.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 60, pp. 51–68, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.01.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, Y., Zhang, C., and Xu, Y. (2009). “Nonlinear seismic analyses of a high gravity dam with and without the presence of reinforcement.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 31, No. 10, pp. 2486–2494, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.06.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotfi, V. (2003). “Seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams by decoupled modal approach in time domain.” Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 102–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansouri, A., Lashteh Neshaei, M. A., and Aghajany, R. (2011). “Fracture analysis of concrete gravity dam under earthquake induced loads.” J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, Vol. 1, No. 2005, pp. 317–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, G. and Barros, R. C. (2008). “Seismic analysis of a roller compacted concrete gravity dam in Portugal.” In World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mridha, S. and Maity, D. (2014). “Experimental investigation on nonlinear dynamic response of concrete gravity dam-reservoir system.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 80, pp. 289–297, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (US). (1990). Earthquake engineering for concrete dams: Design, performance, and research needs. Washington (DC): National Academies Press

  • Omidi, O., Valliappan, S., and Lotfi, V. (2013). “Seismic cracking of concrete gravity dams by plastic–damage model using different damping mechanisms.” Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, Vol. 63, pp. 80–97, DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2012.08.008.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, P. N., Spyrakos, C. C., and Virginia, W. (1991). “Uplifting-sliding response of flexible structures to seismic loads.” Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 185–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathan, M. K. (2012). “Finite Element Analysis Of 99.60 M High Roller Compacted Concrete (Rcc) Gravity Dam -Special Emphasis on dynamic analysis.” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6308, No. December 1967, pp. 387–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raphael, J. M. (1984). “Tensile strength of concrete.” American Concrete Institute, pp. 158–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizos, D. C. and Karabalis, D. L. (2000). “Fluid-soil-structure interaction.” In Wave Motion in Earthquake Engineering, Boston: WIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosdi, A. (2008). Rumah Orang Asli, Kinta Dam. Retrieved from http://my.geoview.info/rumah_orang_asli_kinta_dam,12374072p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, I. S. (1998). “A new computational procedure for wave propagation problems and a new procedure for non-reflecting boundaries.” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 164, Nos. 1-2, pp. 223–233, DOI: 10.1016/S0045-7825(98)00056-5.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, R., Paul, D. K., and Stempniewski, L. (2007). “Influence of reservoir and foundation on the nonlinear dynamic response of concrete gravity dams.” Earthquake Technology, Vol. 44, No. 490, pp. 377–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Army Corps of Engineers (2000). Roller-Compacted Concrete.

  • Wang, G., Wang, Y., Lu, W., Zhou, C., Chen, M., and Yan, P. (2015a). “XFEM based seismic potential failure mode analysis of concrete gravity dam–water–foundation systems through incremental dynamic analysis.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 98, pp. 81–94, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.04.023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., Zhang, S., Zhou, C., and Lu, W. (2015b). “Correlation between strong motion durations and damage measures of concrete gravity dams.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 69, pp. 148–162, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.11.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaghin, M. A. L. and Hesari, M. A. (2008). “Dynamic analysis of the arch concrete dam under earthquake force with ABAQUS.” Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 15, pp. 2648–2658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J.-H., He, J.-D., and Fan, J.-W. (2001). “Static and dynamic stability assessment of slopes or dam foundations using a rigid body–spring element method.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 1081–1090, DOI: 10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00072-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S. and Wang, G. (2013). “Effects of near-fault and far-fault ground motions on nonlinear dynamic response and seismic damage of concrete gravity dams.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 53, pp. 217–229, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S., Wang, G., and Yu, X. (2013). “Seismic cracking analysis of concrete gravity dams with initial cracks using the extended finite element method.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 56, pp. 528–543, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

    Khaled Ghaedi & Zainah Ibrahim

  2. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Malaysia

    Farzad Hejazi

  3. Institute for Infrastructure Engineering, University of Western Sydney, Western Sydney, Australia

    Parveen Khanzaei

Authors
  1. Khaled Ghaedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Farzad Hejazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zainah Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Parveen Khanzaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khaled Ghaedi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghaedi, K., Hejazi, F., Ibrahim, Z. et al. Flexible Foundation Effect on Seismic Analysis of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Dams Using Finite Element Method. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 1275–1287 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1088-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1088-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation