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Light hybrid micro/nano-robots: From propulsion to functional signals

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Abstract

Untethered motile micro/nanorobots (MNRs) that can operate in hard-to-reach small space and perform noninvasive tasks in cellular level hold bright future in healthcare, nanomanufacturing, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Light, as a flexible encoding method with tunable freedom of intensity, wavelength, polarization, and propagation direction, endows unique spatial-temporal precision and dexterity to the manipulation of MNRs. Meanwhile, light has been extensively investigated as functional signals in bioimaging, phototherapy, as well as photoelectrochemical reactions. The hybridization of light and other actuation method ushers in novel MNRs with broadened design space, improved controllability, and advanced functionality. In this review, the fundamental mechanisms of light-driven MNRs will be revisited. On top of it, light hybrid systems, coupling with magnetic, electric, chemical, or ultrasound field, will be reviewed, with light for propulsion or as functional signal. The rational hybridization of multiple stimulus in MNRs not only promises simple combination of two driving forces, but more importantly, motivates rethinking of light-driven MNRs for unprecedented applications.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22005119, 21731002, and 21975104), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2020A1515110404), Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 202102020444), Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Research (No. 2019B030302009), the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) General Research Fund (Nos. GRF17305917, GRF17303015, and GRF17304618), the Seed Funding for Interdisciplinary Research (University of Hong Kong), the Science Technology and Innovation Program of Shenzhen (No. JCYJ20170818141618963), and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Circle Program (No. SGDX2019081623341332).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Yuxin Gao, Jizhuang Wang & Dan Li

  2. Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Ze Xiong & Jinyao Tang

  3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Yuxin Gao, Jizhuang Wang & Dan Li

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  1. Yuxin Gao
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Correspondence to Jizhuang Wang.

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Gao, Y., Xiong, Z., Wang, J. et al. Light hybrid micro/nano-robots: From propulsion to functional signals. Nano Res. 15, 5355–5375 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4119-7

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