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Post-Stroke Pneumonia Prevention by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Results of a Meta-analysis of Five Studies in Asians

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Abstract

Introduction

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are reported to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in hypertensive patients. In this study, a metaanalysis was conducted to obtain statistically more reliable estimates of outcome.

Methods

The MEDLINE and JMEDICINE databases were searched and the following study selection criteria were applied: (1) comparative controlled studies identified with the following keywords: drug therapy, ACEI, hypertension, swallowing function, dysphagia, stroke, and pneumonia; (2) a minimum follow-up period of 6 months; and (3) a minimum number of patients of more than 100. Patients with hypertension and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in five controlled studies that reported the incidence of pneumonia were included in the analysis.

Results

A total of 8,693 post-stroke patients were given ACEIs with another antihypertensive agent or placebo as a control. In all studies, ACEIs, particularly imidapril, exhibited preventive effects equating to a relative risk that ranged from 0.32 to 0.81 compared with controls. In the combined studies the overall relative risk of ACEI-treated patients versus controls was 0.61 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.51–0.75; P < 0.001). Among Asian patients, the relative risk was 0.42 (95% CI 0.32–0.56; P < 0.001). Among Japanese patients, an even greater preventive effect was found for ACEIs versus other antihypertensives (relative risk: 0.38 [95% CI 0.27-0.54; P < 0.001]).

Conclusion

ACEIs appear to be more effective than other antihypertensive agents or placebo in reducing pneumonia risk in post-stroke patients, especially in Asian populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Federation of National Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Tachikawa Hospital, 4-2-22 Nishikicho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8531, Japan

    Yukito Shinohara

  2. Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Hideki Origasa

Authors
  1. Yukito Shinohara
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  2. Hideki Origasa
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Correspondence to Yukito Shinohara.

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Shinohara, Y., Origasa, H. Post-Stroke Pneumonia Prevention by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Results of a Meta-analysis of Five Studies in Asians. Adv Therapy 29, 900–912 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-012-0049-1

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