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A Review of the Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Dental Caries

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Abstract

Dental diseases are among the common health issues experienced around the world. Dental caries is one of the most predominant oral diseases worldwide. Major factors associated with caries development include poor oral hygiene, the content of specific carbohydrates in the diet, dental biofilm formation, the cariogenic microbial load, reduction in salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, gingival recession, genetic factors, and lack of personal attention to one’s dental health. Several preventive measures have been implemented to reduce the risk of the development of caries. Probiotics are live microbes that when administered in suitable amounts confer health benefits on the host; they are recognized as potential adjunct therapeutic agents for several diseases. The present manuscript summarizes recent findings on the role of probiotics in dental caries prevention and the possible mechanisms of probiotic effects. Review of the literature indicates the regular consumption of probiotic products significantly reduced the risk of caries by inhibiting cariogenic bacteria and enriching commensal microbes in the oral cavity. Buffering the salivary pH, production of bacteriocin and enzymes (dextranase, mutanase, and urease), the capacity of competing for the adhesion and colonization on tooth surfaces are the possible mechanisms behind the beneficial effect of probiotics. Further studies are necessary to address the efficacy of long-term probiotic supplementation on the control of dental diseases and the influence of childhood probiotic supplementation on the risk of caries development.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Chiang Mai University, Thailand, for the support. The research was partially supported by Chiang Mai University. The authors thankfully acknowledge the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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  1. Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Periyanaina Kesika & Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

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  1. Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
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B.S.S. contributed to the conception and design, acquisition, manuscript preparation, and critical revision of the manuscript. P.K. and C.C. were involved in the review and finalization of the manuscript. All the authors agree with the content of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chaiyavat Chaiyasut.

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Sivamaruthi, B.S., Kesika, P. & Chaiyasut, C. A Review of the Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Dental Caries. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 12, 1300–1309 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09652-9

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