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The influence of spoiler on the aerodynamic performances and longitudinal stability of the passenger car under high speed condition

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Abstract

Models of the passenger car without and with rear spoiler (types S1 and S2) are created using SolidWorks software. The ANSYS software/Fluid Flow (CFX) module was used to analyze deeply these models based on the numerical approach in order to achieve higher speed for vehicle with maintaining the stability of the car at the same time. Results of the numerical analysis proved that the spoiler has great influence on the longitudinal stability incensement, especially under high speeds conditions. While the shape of the spoiler is not significant factor on the stability. The lift force was reduced 7.6 times when used the spoiler (type S2) compared with to the vehicle without spoiler. While the drag force was increased 12% when used the spoiler (type S2). It was analyzed the influence of existence the rear spoiler on the passenger car, as well as the effect of the shape and construction dimensions of the spoiler on the longitudinal stability. It was developed integrated approach that included the design and numerical analysis of the vehicle stability. It was proved based on the developed approach how can reduced the negative effect of some factors in order to enhance the stability of the vehicle.

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Abbreviations

A :

Frontal area (m2)

c D :

Drag coefficient (− )

c L :

Lift coefficient (− )

c LFront :

Front lift coefficient (− )

c LRear :

Rear lift coefficient (− )

c pitch :

Pitch moment coefficient (− )

\(C_{\varepsilon 1}\) :

k-ε Turbulence model constant (− )

\(C_{\varepsilon 2}\) :

k-ε Turbulence model constant (− )

\(k\) :

Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

l :

Wheelbase of the vehicle (m)

M :

Pitch moment of the vehicle (N·m)

v :

Speed (m/s)

\(P_{{\text{k}}}\) :

Turbulence production due to viscous for (kg/m·s3)

\(P_{{{\text{kb}}}}\) :

Buoyancy forces (kg/m·s3)

\(P_{\varepsilon b}\) :

Buoyancy forces (kg/m·s3)

R D :

Drag force (N)

R L :

Lift force (N)

\(U_{{\text{j}}}\) :

Speed vector (m/s)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

\(\sigma_{\varepsilon }\) :

k-ε Turbulence model constant (− )

\(\mu\) :

Molecular (dynamic) viscosity (kg/m·s)

\(\mu_{t}\) :

Turbulence viscosity (kg/m·s)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Turbulence dissipation rate (m2/s3)

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Acknowledgements

This paper was realized within the researching project “The research of vehicle safety as part of a cybernetic system: Driver-Vehicle-Environment” ref. no. TR35041, funded by Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Also, the authors would like to thank the System Technology and Mechanical Design Methodology Group/Hamburg University of Technology to support this research paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 6 Sestre Janjić Str., 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Nadica Stojanovic, Ivan Grujic & Jasna Glisovic

  2. Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Oday I. Abdullah

  3. Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 17 (L), 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Oday I. Abdullah

  4. Department of Mechanics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Oday I. Abdullah

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sciences and the Technology of Oran (USTO), L.P 1505 El -Mnaouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria

    Ali Belhocine

Authors
  1. Nadica Stojanovic
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  2. Oday I. Abdullah
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  3. Ivan Grujic
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  4. Jasna Glisovic
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Correspondence to Ivan Grujic.

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Stojanovic, N., Abdullah, O.I., Grujic, I. et al. The influence of spoiler on the aerodynamic performances and longitudinal stability of the passenger car under high speed condition. J Vis 26, 97–112 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-022-00867-2

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