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Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Testing the Effects of Yoga with Youth

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga with youth.

Methods

Selection of studies was based on the following inclusion criteria: RCT design, publication in a peer-reviewed journal in English, participants between ages 5 and 18, and assessment of an intervention in which yoga was the primary component.

Results

Our search of seven databases yielded 39 RCTs that met inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in seven countries, with the majority in the USA. Most studies were conducted with predominantly White samples and in school settings. Studies were variable in the duration, frequency, and number of yoga program sessions. Outcomes included a range of constructs in three domains: psychological/behavioral, cognitive, and physiological/physical functioning. In all but five studies, yoga improved outcomes in at least one of these three domains. Results indicate growing evidence that yoga is a promising intervention for children and youth.

Conclusions

Recommendations for future research include specification of testable theoretical models with hypothesized intervention core components and mechanisms of action, assessment of intervention mediators and moderators, routine monitoring and reporting of factors associated with program implementation, use of common validated outcome measures, and reporting of null or iatrogenic intervention effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, Carrington Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 275999, USA

    Shari Miller

  2. Center for Adolescent Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway Hampton House, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Tamar Mendelson & Angela Lee-Winn

  3. Population Mental Health & Wellbeing, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Angela Lee-Winn

  4. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Brookline, MA, 02215, USA

    Natalie L. Dyer & Sat Bir S. Khalsa

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  1. Shari Miller
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SM, TM, and KSB designed and executed the study; NT and AW assisted with the analyses; SM, TM, and KSB contributed to writing the paper. All authors reviewed drafts and edited the final version.

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Correspondence to Shari Miller.

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Miller, S., Mendelson, T., Lee-Winn, A. et al. Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Testing the Effects of Yoga with Youth. Mindfulness 11, 1336–1353 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01230-7

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