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A Network Modeling Approach to Mindfulness Mechanisms: a Proof-of-Concept Investigation

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Abstract

Objectives

In contrast to theory, most extant research has not investigated mindfulness mechanisms as dynamic system(s) of processes nor via measurement with high temporal and contextual resolution in participants’ real-world environment.

Methods

Accordingly, as an initial proof of concept approach, we applied a network analysis methodology to experience sampling data twice daily of 10 risk and protective processes of interest, pre- and post-mindfulness training (3-week, 6-session intervention) among 82 meditation-naive adults.

Results

First, we found changes in the network post-relative to pre-intervention, including the emergence or strengthening of key network pathways (e.g., willingness, positive affect) as well as the pruning or weakening of pathways (e.g., negative affect, depressed/anxious mood). Second, relatedly, we found that negative affect was less functionally central at post- versus pre-intervention.

Conclusions

Findings suggest theoretically and clinically important changes in the functional connectivity of a network of mindfulness mechanisms and related processes following a mindfulness intervention. This proof of concept study and its findings are discussed with respect to the emerging study of mindfulness mechanisms as a dynamic system or network.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ravit Oren, David Spivak, Pavel Goldstein, Galia Tanay, and Reut Plonsker, Department of Psychology, Haifa University, for their assistance in carrying out the reported study.

Funding

We recognize the funding support of the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) awarded to Amit Bernstein. Adi Shoham recognizes the support from the University of Haifa President’s Doctoral Fellowship Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Observing Minds Lab, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel

    Anna Aizik-Reebs, Adi Shoham, Yuval Hadash & Amit Bernstein

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  1. Anna Aizik-Reebs
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  2. Adi Shoham
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  3. Yuval Hadash
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  4. Amit Bernstein
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Contributions

Amit Bernstein and Adi Shoham designed and executed the study, assisted with the data analyses, and wrote the paper together with Anna Aizik-Reebs, who analyzed the data. Yuval Hadash collaborated in the writing and editing of the final manuscript. Anna Aizik-Reebs and Adi Shoham share lead authorship of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Amit Bernstein.

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The study received an ethics approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Haifa.

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Aizik-Reebs, A., Shoham, A., Hadash, Y. et al. A Network Modeling Approach to Mindfulness Mechanisms: a Proof-of-Concept Investigation. Mindfulness 12, 1115–1126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01580-7

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