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Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus

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Abstract

Rhizopus microsporus has been used for centuries in the production of oriental fermented foods, but the species is also known as a toxin producer and from severe human infections. To study the diversity and species delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus, 48 isolates from the reference collection of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, comprising nine environmental, ten clinical, and 23 foodborne strains, in addition to six strains from unknown sources and representing all existing varieties of the species, were examined. Sequence diversity was based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and on a part of the actin (ACT) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) genes. Differences in physiological properties were assessed including temperature relationships. Spore morphology was studied, mating type tests were performed, and MALDI-ToF profiles were generated. Clinical and food-associated strains as well as members of different varieties mated successfully and consequently they belong to a single biological species. Molecular differences did not match with any other parameter investigated. Based on these results the varieties of Rhizopus microsporus are reduced to synonyms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Somayeh Dolatabadi, Grit Walther, A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende & G. S. de Hoog

  2. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Somayeh Dolatabadi & G. S. de Hoog

  3. Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany

    Grit Walther

  4. Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Jena, Germany

    Grit Walther

  5. Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

    G. S. de Hoog

  6. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    G. S. de Hoog

  7. Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

    G. S. de Hoog

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  1. Somayeh Dolatabadi
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Dolatabadi, S., Walther, G., Gerrits van den Ende, A.H.G. et al. Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus . Fungal Diversity 64, 145–163 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0229-6

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