Skip to main content
Log in

Two Numerical Approaches to Stationary Mean-Field Games

  • Published:
Dynamic Games and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Here, we consider numerical methods for stationary mean-field games (MFG) and investigate two classes of algorithms. The first one is a gradient-flow method based on the variational characterization of certain MFG. The second one uses monotonicity properties of MFG. We illustrate our methods with various examples, including one-dimensional periodic MFG, congestion problems, and higher-dimensional models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Achdou Y (2013) Finite difference methods for mean field games. In: Hamilton-Jacobi equations: approximations, numerical analysis and applications. Lecture notes in mathematics, vol 2074. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 1–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36433-4_1

  2. Achdou Y, Camilli F, Capuzzo-Dolcetta I (2012) Mean field games: numerical methods for the planning problem. SIAM J Control Optim 50(1):77–109

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Achdou Y, Capuzzo-Dolcetta I (2010) Mean field games: numerical methods. SIAM J Numer Anal 48(3):1136–1162

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Achdou Y, Perez V (2012) Iterative strategies for solving linearized discrete mean field games systems. Netw Heterog Media 7(2):197–217

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Achdou Y, Porretta A (2016) Convergence of a finite difference scheme to weak solutions of the system of partial differential equations arising in mean field games. SIAM J Numer Anal 54(1):161–186. doi:10.1137/15M1015455

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Barles G, Souganidis PE (1991) Convergence of approximation schemes for fully nonlinear second order equations. Asymptot Anal 4(3):271–283

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Bensoussan A, Frehse J, Yam P (2013) Mean field games and mean field type control theory. Springer Briefs in Mathematics. Springer, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Cacace S, Camilli F (2016) Ergodic problems for Hamilton-Jacobi equations: yet another but efficient numerical method (preprint)

  9. Camilli F, Festa A, Schieborn D (2013) An approximation scheme for a Hamilton–Jacobi equation defined on a network. Appl Numer Math 73:33–47

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Camilli F, Silva F (2012) A semi-discrete approximation for a first order mean field game problem. Netw Heterog Media 7(2):263–277

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Cardaliaguet P (2011) Notes on mean-field games

  12. Cardaliaguet P, Graber PJ (2015) Mean field games systems of first order. ESAIM Control Optim Calc Var 21(3):690–722

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Cardaliaguet P, Graber PJ, Porretta A, Tonon D (2015) Second order mean field games with degenerate diffusion and local coupling. NoDEA Nonlinear Differ Equ Appl 22(5):1287–1317

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Carlini E, Silva FJ (2014) A fully discrete semi-Lagrangian scheme for a first order mean field game problem. SIAM J Numer Anal 52(1):45–67

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Evans LC (1998) Partial differential equations. Graduate Studies in Mathematics. American Mathematical Society, Providence

    Google Scholar 

  16. Evans LC (2003) Some new PDE methods for weak KAM theory. Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 17(2):159–177

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Evans LC (2009) Further PDE methods for weak KAM theory. Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 35(4):435–462

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Ferreira R, Gomes D (2016) Existence of weak solutions for stationary mean-field games through weak solutions (preprint)

  19. Gomes D, Iturriaga R, Sánchez-Morgado H, Yu Y (2010) Mather measures selected by an approximation scheme. Proc Am Math Soc 138(10):3591–3601

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Gomes D, Nurbekyan L, Prazeres M (2016) Explicit solutions of one-dimensional, first-order, stationary mean-field games with congestion. Proceeding of IEEE-CDC (to appear)

  21. Gomes D, Nurbekyan L, Prazeres M (2016) One-dimensional, stationary mean-field games with a local coupling (preprint)

  22. Gomes D, Patrizi S, Voskanyan V (2014) On the existence of classical solutions for stationary extended mean field games. Nonlinear Anal 99:49–79

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Gomes D, Pimentel E (2016) Local regularity for mean-field games in the whole space. Minimax Theory Appl 1(1):65–82

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Gomes D, Pimentel E, Sánchez-Morgado H (2016) Time-dependent mean-field games in the superquadratic case. ESAIM Control Optim Calc Var 22(2):562–580. doi:10.1051/cocv/2015029

  25. Gomes D, Pimentel E, Sánchez-Morgado H (2015) Time-dependent mean-field games in the subquadratic case. Commun Partial Differ Equ 40(1):40–76

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Gomes D, Pimentel E, Voskanyan V (2016) Regularity theory for mean-field game systems. Springer, Berlin, p x \(+\) 118. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38934-9

  27. Gomes D, Pires GE, Sánchez-Morgado H (2012) A-priori estimates for stationary mean-field games. Netw Heterog Media 7(2):303–314

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Gomes D, Sánchez Morgado H (2014) A stochastic Evans-Aronsson problem. Trans Am Math Soc 366(2):903–929

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Gomes D, Velho RM, Wolfram M-T (2014) Dual two-state mean-field games. In: Proceedings CDC 2014

  30. Gomes D, Velho RM, Wolfram M-T (2014) Socio-economic applications of finite state mean field games. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A Math Phys Eng Sci 372(2028):20130405, 18

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Gomes D, Voskanyan V (2015) Short-time existence of solutions for mean-field games with congestion. J Lond Math Soc 92(3):778–799. doi:10.1112/jlms/jdv052

  32. Gomes DA, Mitake H (2015) Existence for stationary mean-field games with congestion and quadratic Hamiltonians. NoDEA Nonlinear Differ Equ Appl 22(6):1897–1910

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Gomes DA, Patrizi S (2015) Obstacle mean-field game problem. Interfaces Free Bound 17(1):55–68

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Gomes DA, Pimentel E (2015) Time-dependent mean-field games with logarithmic nonlinearities. SIAM J Math Anal 47(5):3798–3812

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Gomes DA, Saúde J (2014) Mean field games models—a brief survey. Dyn Games Appl 4(2):110–154

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Guéant O (2012) Mean field games equations with quadratic Hamiltonian: a specific approach. Math Models Methods Appl Sci 22(9):1250022, 37

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Guéant O (2012) Mean field games with a quadratic Hamiltonian: a constructive scheme. In: Advances in dynamic games, vol 12 of Ann Int Soc Dyn Games. Birkhäuser/Springer, New York, pp 229–241

  38. Guéant O (2012) New numerical methods for mean field games with quadratic costs. Netw Heterog Media 7(2):315–336

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Huang M, Caines PE, Malhamé RP (2007) Large-population cost-coupled LQG problems with nonuniform agents: individual-mass behavior and decentralized \(\epsilon \)-Nash equilibria. IEEE Trans Automat Control 52(9):1560–1571

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Huang M, Malhamé RP, Caines PE (2006) Large population stochastic dynamic games: closed-loop McKean–Vlasov systems and the Nash certainty equivalence principle. Commun Inf Syst 6(3):221–251

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Lasry J-M, Lions P-L (2006) Jeux à champ moyen. I. Le cas stationnaire. C R Math Acad Sci Paris 343(9):619–625

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Lasry J-M, Lions P-L (2006) Jeux à champ moyen. II. Horizon fini et contrôle optimal. C R Math Acad Sci Paris 343(10):679–684

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Lasry J-M, Lions P-L (2007) Mean field games. Jpn J Math 2(1):229–260

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Mészáros AR, Silva FJ (2015) A variational approach to second order mean field games with density constraints: the stationary case. J Math Pures Appl (9) 104(6):1135–1159

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. Oberman AM (2006) Convergent difference schemes for degenerate elliptic and parabolic equations: Hamilton–Jacobi equations and free boundary problems. SIAM J Numer Anal 44(2):879–895 (electronic)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. Pimentel E, Voskanyan V (2016) Regularity for second-order stationary mean-field games. Indiana Univ Math J (to appear)

  47. Porretta A (2015) Weak solutions to Fokker–Planck equations and mean field games. Arch Ration Mech Anal 216(1):1–62

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  48. Porretta Alessio (2014) On the planning problem for the mean field games system. Dyn Games Appl 4(2):231–256

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Santambrogio F (2012) A modest proposal for MFG with density constraints. Netw Heterog Media 7(2):337–347

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  50. Voskanyan VK (2013) Some estimates for stationary extended mean field games. Dokl Nats Akad Nauk Armen 113(1):30–36

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diogo Gomes.

Additional information

The authors were partially supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology baseline and start-up funds and by KAUST SRI, Center for Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Science and Engineering.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Almulla, N., Ferreira, R. & Gomes, D. Two Numerical Approaches to Stationary Mean-Field Games. Dyn Games Appl 7, 657–682 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-016-0203-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-016-0203-5

Keywords

Navigation