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Antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn stem bark (Anarcadiaceae) in Wistar rats

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Abstract

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of infant mortality in developing country. It has been reported that Mangifera indica is used as an antidiarrhoeal agent in traditional medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn stem bark. The extracts were tested in vitro on the growth of bacteria and fungi; and in vivo at doses of 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg on the effects of Escherichia coli, castor oil, misoprostol and charcoal meal in rats. In vitro, the methanolic extract was the most active with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 µg/mL for all Gram negative and Gram postive bacteria tested; the value of MIC for all fungi tested was 32 µg/mL. In vivo, the aqueous extract at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg and methanolic extract at dose of 500 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the bacterial load in rats faeces. A significant reduction (p < 0.001) of diarrhoeal parameters was observed with both extracts after castor oil administration. The gut motility was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced with all doses of methanolic extract. Both extracts significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the increase of intestinal fluids volume induced by misoprostol. Histopathological analysis revealed few abnormalities in the structure and morphology of the ileum after treatment of rats with aqueous and methanolic extract. This study showed that Mangifera indica possesses antimicrobial and antidiarrheic properties and attest its usefulness in traditional treatment of gastrointestinal infection.

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  1. Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    L. M. Tchoumba Tchoumi, M. L. Nchouwet, S. L. Poualeu Kamani, W. Yousseu Nana, R. C. Douho Djimeli, A. Kamanyi & S. L. Wansi Ngnokam

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  1. L. M. Tchoumba Tchoumi
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Contributions

TTLM, KA and WNSL designed the work. TTLM, NML, PKSL, YNW and DDRC conducted the work, collected and analysed the data. TTLM, NML, PKSL, YNW and WNSL drafted the manuscript and revised it critically. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Correspondence to S. L. Wansi Ngnokam.

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The experimental procedures have been approved by the local Ethics Committee and are in accordance with the guidelines for the study of pain in awake animals, published by the NIH Publication No. 85-23 “Principles of Animal Protection”. laboratory”. Study of Pain, Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology, which adopted the European Union Guidelines on Animal Care and Experimentation (EWC Council 86/609).

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L. M. Tchoumba Tchoumi has no conflict of interest. M. L. Nchouwet has no conflict of interest. S. L. Poualeu Kamani has no conflict of interest. W. Yousseu Nana has no conflict of interest. R. C. Douho Djimeli has no conflict of interest. A. Kamanyi has no conflict of interest. S. L. Wansi Ngnokam has no conflict of interest.

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Tchoumba Tchoumi, L.M., Nchouwet, M.L., Poualeu Kamani, S.L. et al. Antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn stem bark (Anarcadiaceae) in Wistar rats. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 21, 485–498 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00470-6

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