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Hemoglobin adducts as an important marker of chronic exposure to low concentration of 1, 3-butadiene

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Abstract

Background

1, 3-Butadiene is a famous industrial compound which occurs in gasoline and diesel exhaust and in cigarette smoke. Based on little evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and humans, it was classified as a probable carcinogen. The potential of exposure to gasoline and diesel exhaust containing these chemical compounds is very considerable in urban areas. According to studies, in estimation of workers’ chronic exposure with biological samples, analysis of the concentration of related hemoglobin adducts seems to give the most valid estimation of exposure.

Methods

This study designed to determine the level of chronic exposure in gas station workers and traffic policemen during routine work shift, by an appropriate biological marker. In this regards, 25 gas station workers, 25 policemen engaged in traffic control, and 25 occupationally non-exposed persons were studied. Blood samples were obtained after the work shift from each person. The level of selected hemoglobin adduct, 1- and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl valine (MHBVal) was determined by using GC–MS after a modified Edman degradation and a further acetylation.

Results

There were significant differences among the mean concentrations of MHBVal in blood samples of gas station workers, policemen and occupationally non-exposed persons. The mean airborne levels of 1, 3-Butadiene over 60 days, differed significantly among different studied groups (ANOVA: p < 0.05 and Kruskal-Wallis test: p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a significant difference in MHBVal concentrations between job categories (p < 0.05 by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test), and gas station workers and policemen were found to be probably the most exposed groups in this research.

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Abbreviations

IARC:

International Agency for Research on Cancer

BD:

1, 3-Butadiene

MHBVal:

1- and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl valine,

TWA:

Time weight average

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by National Institute for Medical Research Development (Grant No. 965455) and Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) under Grant 96010139. Hereby, the cooperation of the University and also the Institute for Environmental Research (IER) is highly appreciated.

Funding

This study was supported by National Institute for Medical Research Development (Grant No. 965455) and Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) under Grant 96010139. Hereby, the cooperation of the University and also the Institute for Environmental Research (IER) is highly appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Ahmadkhaniha

  2. Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Faezeh Izadpanah & Noushin Rastkari

  3. Center for water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Noushin Rastkari

Authors
  1. Reza Ahmadkhaniha
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  2. Faezeh Izadpanah
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  3. Noushin Rastkari
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Contributions

RA and NR participated in the design of the study. RA did the analyses and FI interpreted the analyzed results. NR was the main investigator, supervised the work, drafted and revised the paper critically for important intellectual content and compiled the work in accordance with journal format. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noushin Rastkari.

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The research protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1396.2335).

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Not applicable.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ahmadkhaniha, R., Izadpanah, F. & Rastkari, N. Hemoglobin adducts as an important marker of chronic exposure to low concentration of 1, 3-butadiene. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 19, 1607–1611 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00716-8

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