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The Effectiveness of Sedentary Behaviour Reduction Workplace Interventions on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Background

Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Objectives

The aims of this work were to systematically review the effects of workplace sedentary behaviour reduction interventions on cardiometabolic risk markers (primary aim) and identify the active behaviour change techniques (BCTs) by which these interventions work (secondary aim).

Methods

A systematic search of 11 databases for articles published up to 12 April 2019 yielded a total of 4255 unique titles, with 29 articles being identified for inclusion. Interventions were rated as very promising, quite promising or non-promising based on their effects on cardiometabolic risk markers compared with baseline and/or a comparison arm. Interventions were coded for BCTs used. To assess the relative effectiveness of BCTs, a promise ratio was calculated as the frequency of a BCT appearing in all promising interventions divided by its frequency of appearance in all non-promising interventions.

Results

A narrative synthesis included 29 published studies of varying study design and comprised of 30 interventions. Risk of bias was high for blinding and allocation concealment, moderate for random sequence generation, and low for outcome assessment. Nine interventions were very promising, 11 were quite promising, 10 were non-promising, and 10 active control groups did not experience cardiometabolic changes. Significant sedentary behaviour reductions were present in all but five studies where cardiometabolic risk markers improved. The BCTs of social comparison, problem solving, demonstration of the behaviour, goal setting (behaviour), behaviour substitution, and habit reversal, demonstrated moderate to high promise ratios.

Conclusions

Workplace interventions show promise for improving cardiometabolic risk markers. The BCTs with the greatest promise of cardiometabolic risk marker improvements included social comparison, those related to individual habits, and behaviour goals.

Registration

This systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017072427).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK

    Marsha L. Brierley, Angel M. Chater, Lindsey R. Smith & Daniel P. Bailey

Authors
  1. Marsha L. Brierley
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  2. Angel M. Chater
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  3. Lindsey R. Smith
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  4. Daniel P. Bailey
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel P. Bailey.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This work was approved by the University of Bedfordshire Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research Ethics Committee (approval no. 2018ISPAR006).

Funding

No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article.

Conflict of interest

Marsha Brierley, Angel Chater, Lindsey Smith and Daniel Bailey declare that they have no conflicts of interest in regard to the content of this article.

Author contributions

MB, LS, DB and AC conceived and designed this review. MB performed the searches, analysed the data, interpreted the data, and wrote the initial manuscript draft. LS, DB and AC critically revised the manuscript. MB and LS independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. MB and LS conducted the quality assessment. MB and AC double coded the behaviour change techniques. All authors approved the final version of the paper.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Electronic Supplementary Table S1

Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) chart for all interventions (XLSX 49 kb)

Electronic Supplementary Table S2

Behaviour change techniques unique to non-promising interventions (XLSX 13 kb)

Electronic Supplementary Table S3

Behaviour change techniques in very promising, quite promising and non-promising interventions, with a frequency ratio of < 2.0 (XLSX 14 kb)

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Brierley, M.L., Chater, A.M., Smith, L.R. et al. The Effectiveness of Sedentary Behaviour Reduction Workplace Interventions on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 49, 1739–1767 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01168-9

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