Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A psychometric investigation of Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Caregiver Eating Messages Scale and Intuitive Eating Scale-2

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Caregiver Eating Messages Scale (CEMS) was developed to assess perceived restrictive or critical caregiver messages in relation to food intake and pressure to eat, whereas the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) measures one’s tendency to follow internal cues of hunger and satiety when making eating-related decisions. Both scales are useful in the arsenal of eating behaviour scholars. Here, we developed Brazilian Portuguese translations of both scales and assessed their psychometric properties in Brazilian adults. A total of 288 participants (men = 52.8%) completed the CEMS, IES-2, Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and a demographic questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of both scales had adequate fit following the elimination of items and addition of covariances. Evidence of adequate factorial, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability was identified. Furthermore, correlations of CEMS and IES-2 with BAS scores and body mass index were obtained. Both instruments’ models were found to be invariant across sex, with men having significantly higher scores on three subscales of the IES-2 only. These results provide evidence for the psychometric properties of the CEMS and IES-2 in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adults.

Level of Evidence: V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Di Cesare M, Khang YH, Asaria P, Blakely T, Cowan MJ, Farzadfar F, Guerrero R, Ikeda N, Kyobutungi C, Msyamboza KP, Oum S, Lynch JW, Marmot MG, Ezzati M, Lancet NCDAG (2013) Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. Lancet 381(9866):585–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61851-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. WHO (2015) Healty diet. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs394/en/. Accessed 20 July 2018

  3. Kothe EJ, Mullan BA, Butow P (2012) Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Testing an intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour. Appetite 58(3):997–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Monteiro CA, Conde WL, Lu B, Popkin BM (2004) Obesity and inequities in health in the developing world. Int J Obes 28(9):1181–1186. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802716

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sobal J, Wansink B (2007) Kitchenscapes, tablescapes, platescapes, and foodscapes. Environ Behav 39(1):124–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/001396506295574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Higgs S, Thomas J (2016) Social influences on eating. Curr Opin Behav Sci 9(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tylka TL (2006) Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of intuitive eating. J Couns Psychol 53(2):226–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.2.226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kroon van Diest AM, Tylka TL (2010) The Caregiver Eating Messages Scale: development and psychometric investigation. Body Image 7(4):317–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tribole E, Resch E (1995) Intuitive eating: a revolutionary program that works. St. Martin’s Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tylka TL, Kroon van Diest AM (2013) The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. J Couns Psychol 60(1):137–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030893

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kato M, Raposo E (1996) European and Portuguese word choice order: questions, focus, and topic construction. In: Parodi C, Quicoli C, Saltarelli M, Zubizaretta ML (eds) Aspects of romance linguistics: selected papers from the LSRL XXVI. Georgetown University Press, Georgetown

    Google Scholar 

  12. Imai CM, Burnett DJ, Dwyer JT (2009) The influence of culture and customs on food choices. In: Pond WG, Nichols BL, Brown DL (eds) Adequate food for all: culture, science, and technology of food in the twenty-first century. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, pp 44–66

    Google Scholar 

  13. Montanari M (2004) Food is culture. Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wilk RR (1999) “Real Belizean food”: building local identity in the transnational Caribbean. Am Anthropol 101(2):244–255. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.2.244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Casotti L (2005) He who eats alone will die alone? An exploratory study of the meanings of the food of celebration. Lat Am Bus Rev 6(4):69–84. https://doi.org/10.1300/J140v06n04_04

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Levy-Costa RB, Sichieri R, Pontes NS, Monteiro CA (2005) Household food availability in Brazil: distribution and trends (1974–2003). Rev Saúde Públ 39(4):530–540. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102005000400003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Malta DC, Andrade SC, Claro RM, Bernal RTI, Monteiro CA (2014) Trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District from 2006 to 2012. Rev Bras Epidemiol 17(1):267–276. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400050021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Alvarenga MdS, Scagliusi FB, Philippi ST (2012) Comparação das atitudes alimentares entre universitárias das cinco regiões brasileiras. Cien Saude Colet 17(2):435–444. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012000200016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin B, Anderson RE (2009) Multivariate data analysis, vol 7. Pearson Prentice Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  20. Avalos LC, Tylka TL, Wood-Barcalow N (2005) The Body Appreciation Scale: development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image 2(3):285–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Swami V, Campana ANNB, Fereirra L, Barrett S, Harris AS, Tavares MCGCF (2011) The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale: initial examination of its factor structure and correlates among Brazilian adults. Body Image 8(1):179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Swami V (2017) Considering positive body image through the lens of culture and minority social identities. In: Markey C, Daniels E, Gillen M (eds) The body positive: understanding and improving body image in science and practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fereirra L, Neves AN, Tavares MCGCF (2014) Validity of body image scales for Brazilian older adults. Mot J Phys 20(4):359–373. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742014000400002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB (2000) Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine 25(24):3186–3191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Herdman M, Fox-Rushby J, Badia X (1998) A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQol instruments: the universal approach. Qual Life Res Int J Qual Life Asp Treat 7(4):323–335. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008846618880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Marôco J (2014) Análise de equações estruturais. 2ª edn. ReportNumber, Pêro Pinheiro

  27. Fornell C, Larcker DF (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res 18(1):39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312?uid=3737664:&%23x0026;uid=2&%23x0026;uid=4&%23x0026;sid=21103223270061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kaplan D (2000) Structural equation modeling: foundations and extensions. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks

    Google Scholar 

  29. Schaufeli BW, Martínez IM, Pinto AM, Salanova M, Bakker AB (2002) Burnout and engagement in university students—a cross-national study. J Cross Cult Psychol 33(5):464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Campana ANNB, Tavares MCGCF, Swami V, Silva D (2013) An examination of the psychometric properties of Brazilian Portuguese translations of the drive for muscularity scale, the Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Masculine Body Ideal Distress Scale. Psychol Men Masc 14(4):376–388. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Davison KK (2003) Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls’ eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr 78(5):215–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Campana ANNB, Tavares MCGCF, Silva DD, Diogo MJD (2009) Translation and validation of the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) for the Portuguese language in Brazil. Behav Res Methods 41(1):236–243. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.1.236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gouveia VV, Singelis TM, Coelho JA (2002) Self-construal scale: corroborations of its factorial structure. Aval Psicol 1(1):49–59

    Google Scholar 

  34. Avalos LC, Tylka TL (2006) Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women. J Couns Psychol 53(4):486–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Schoenefeld SJ, Webb JB (2013) Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eat Behav 14(4):493–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.09.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Spector PE (1992) Summated rating scale construction: an introduction. Sage, Newbury Park

    Book  Google Scholar 

  37. Bleil SI (1998) O padrão alimentar ocidental: considerações sobre a mudança de hábitos no Brasil. Cad Debate 7:2–25

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP, Campus Araraquara), Araraquara-Jau Road Km1, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil

    Wanderson Roberto da Silva & Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos

  2. Physical Education School of Brazilian Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Angela Nogueira Neves

  3. Department of Health Sciences, University of Sagrado Coração, Bauru, Brazil

    Lucilene Ferreira

  4. Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK

    Viren Swami

  5. Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia

    Viren Swami

Authors
  1. Wanderson Roberto da Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Angela Nogueira Neves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lucilene Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Viren Swami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wanderson Roberto da Silva.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

Ethics approval was obtained from Human Research Ethics Committee of University of Campinas, in São Paulo, Brazil (protocol number: 08009212.9.0000.5404).

Informed consent

All participants completed a free and informed consent form that was sent to the ethics committee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

da Silva, W.R., Neves, A.N., Ferreira, L. et al. A psychometric investigation of Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Caregiver Eating Messages Scale and Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Eat Weight Disord 25, 221–230 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0557-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0557-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation