Skip to main content
Log in

Early Family Support Interventions: Creating Context for Success

  • Published:
Global Social Welfare Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ecological or multidimensional theories are commonly used to explain the causal pathways that contribute to complex social problems. While it is generally understood that context matters for improving and strengthening parental capacity and positive child development, it is less well recognized that context also matters for the capacity of interventions, even those that are well specified and researched, to realize their full potential. Indeed, the attention being given to directing public investments to “evidence-based models” suggests that a program, once proven to work, can be successfully transplanted in a range of communities and that positive outcomes can be replicated at scale. However, rarely do these so-called proven programs replicate their impacts when taken to scale. Maximizing the impacts and viability of evidence-based programs, in many ways, depends upon the ability of local communities to facilitate collaboration across sectors and target investment around a shared mission and set of core outcomes. The purpose of this commentary is to articulate why focusing on both program and context offers policymakers a more promising pathway for achieving meaningful and sustainable improvements in a child’s well-being and healthy development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aarons, G. A., Green, A. E., Palinkas, L. A., Self-Brown, S., Whitaker, D. J., Lutzker, J. R., & Chaffin, M. J. (2012). Dynamic adaptation process to implement an evidence-based child maltreatment intervention. Implementation Science, 7, 32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Marsden, S., Dodge, K., O’Donnell, K., Murphy, R., Sato, J., & Christopoulos, C. (2011). Predictors of family participation in a universal nurse home visiting program to prevent child maltreatment. Montreal, Canada: Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society of Research in Child Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Backer, T. E. (2001). Finding the balance: Program fidelity and adaptation in substance abuse prevention: A state-of-the-art review. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barth, R. P., Landsverk, J., Chamberlain, P., Reid, J. B., Rolls, J. A., Hurlburt, M. S., et al. (2005). Parent-training programs in child welfare services: Planning for a more evidence-based approach to serving biological parents. Research on Social Work Practice, 15(5), 353–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, L. J., Stein, R. E., & Ireys, H. T. (1991). Reinventing fidelity: The transfer of social technology among settings. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19(4), 619–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2011). Child maltreatment prevention: Past, present, and future. Child Welfare Information Gateway. https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/issue_briefs/cm_prevention.cfm. Accessed 15 July 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D., & Rizley, R. (1981). Developmental perspectives on the etiology, intergenerational transmission, and sequelae of child maltreatment. New Directions for Child Development, 11, 31–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conger, D., & Ross, T. (2006). Project Confirm: An outcome evaluation of a program for children in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(1), 97–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daro, D. (2010). Replicating evidence-based home visiting models: A framework for assessing fidelity. Research Brief 3 -- Supporting Evidence-Based Home Visiting to Prevent Child Maltreatment. Washington, DC: Children’s Bureau, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at http://www.supportingebhv.org/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daro, D. (2011). Home visitation. In E. Zigler, W. Gilliam, & S. Barnett (Eds.), The preschool education debates (pp. 169–173). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daro, D., & Dodge, K. (2009). Creating community responsibility for child protection: Expanding partnerships, changing context. Future of Children, 19(2), 67–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daro, D., & Dodge, K. (2010). Strengthening home-visiting intervention policy: Expanding reach, building knowledge. In R. Haskins & W. S. Barnett (Eds.), New directions for America’s preschool policies (pp. 79–86). Washington D.C.: NIERR and Brookings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daro, D., Howard, E., Tobin, J., & Harden, A. (2005). Welcome home and early start: An assessment of program quality and outcome. Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A., Goodman, B., Murphy, R., O’Donnell, K., & Sato, J. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of universal postnatal nurse home visiting: Impact on emergency care. Pediatrics, 132, S140–S146. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/132/Supplement.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, R., Lalich, N., & Coulton, C. (2008). Taking it to scale: Evaluating the scope and reach of a community-wide initiative on early childhood. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31, 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J. (1977). The human ecology of child maltreatment: A conceptual model for research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39, 721–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, B. L., Rockhill, A., & Burrus, S. (2008). The role of interagency collaboration for substance-abusing families involved with child welfare. Child Welfare, 87(1), 29–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagermoser Sanetti, L. M., & Kratochwill, T. R. (2009). Toward developing a science of treatment integrity: Introduction to the special issue. School Psychology Review, 38(4), 445–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskins, R., & Margolis, G. (2014). Show me the evidence: Obama’s fight for rigor and results in social policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Center on Children and Families.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC). (2014). New directions in child abuse and neglect research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. A., Stone, S., Lou, C., Ling, J., Claassen, J., & Austin, M. J. (2008). Assessing parent education programs for families involved with child welfare services: Evidence and implications. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 5(1/2), 191–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P., Wistow, G., Schulz, R., & Hardy, B. (2003). Interagency and interprofessional collaboration in community care: The interdependence of structures and values. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 17(1), 69–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kania, J., & Kramer, M. (2011). Collective impact. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 9(1), 36–41.

  • Kempe, C. H. (1982). Cross-cultural perspectives in child abuse. Pediatrics, 69, 497–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimbrough-Melton, R., & Melton, G. (2015). “Someone will notice, and someone will care”: How to build strong communities for children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 41(March), 67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.-Y., August, G., Realmuto, G., Horowitz, J., Bloomquist, M., & Klimes-Dougan, B. (2008). Fidelity at a distance: Assessing implementation fidelity of the Early Risers prevention program in a going to scale intervention trial. Prevention Science, 9, 215–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombardi, J. (2015). A foundation for sustainable development: Advancing toward a new era for young children and families. Early Childhood Matters, 124(June), 5–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matone, M., O’Reilly, A., Luan, X., Localio, A. R., & Rubin, D. (2012). Emergency department visits and hospitalizations for injuries among infants and children following statewide implementation of a home visitation model. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(9), 1754–1761.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Signs, 30(3), 1771–1800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mildon, R., & Shlonsky, A. (2011). Bridge over troubled water: Using implementation science to facilitate effective services in child welfare. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(9), 753–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsell, D., Del Grosso, P., & Supplee, L. (2014). Supporting replication and scale-up of evidence-based home visiting programs: Assessing the implementation knowledge base. American Journal of Public Health, 104(9), 1624–1632. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, B., Bosk, E., Wilen, J., Danko, C., Van Scoyoc, A., & Banman, A. (2015). Evidence-based programs in “real world” settings: Finding the best fit. In D. Daro, A. Cohn-Donnelly, L. Huang, & B. Powell (Eds.), Advances in child abuse prevention knowledge: The perspective of new leadership (pp. 145–165). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Prinz, R. J., Sanders, M. R., Shapiro, C. J., Whitaker, D. J., & Lutzker, J. R. (2009). Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: The U.S. Triple P System Population Trial. Prevention Science, 10(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, M. R., Turner, K. M., & Markie-Dadds, C. (2002). The development and dissemination of the Triple P—Positive Parenting Program: A multilevel, evidence-based system of parenting and family support. Prevention Science, 3(3), 173–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlak, A. J., Schultz, D., Wells, S. J., Lyons, P., Doueck, H. J., & Gragg, F. (2006). Child protection and justice systems processing of serious child abuse and neglect cases. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(6), 657–677.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tankersley, D., Vonta, T., & Ionescu, M. (2015). Quality in early childhood settings: Universal values and cultural flexibility. Early Childhood Matters, 124(June), 78–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibbits, M., Bumbarger, B., Kyler, S., & Perkins, D. (2010). Sustaining evidence-based interventions under real-world conditions: Results from a large-scale diffusion project. Prevention Science, 11(3), 252–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urban Institute. (2012). Best Start LA pilot community evaluation: Annual outcomes report, year 3. Washington DC: Urban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallack, L., & Lawrence, R. (2005). Talking about public health: Developing America’s “second language”. American Journal of Public Health, 95(4), 567–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wandersman, A., Duffy, J., Flaspohler, P., Noonan, R., Lubell, K., Stillman, L., Blachman, M., & Saul, J. (2008). Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3-4), 171–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, L. A., Zetlin, A., & Shea, N. M. (2009). Removing barriers to educating children in foster care through interagency collaboration: A seven county multiple-case study. Child Welfare, 88(4), 77–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, B., Sullivan, C., & Olds, D. (2010). When early crime prevention goes to scale: A new look at the evidence. Prevention Science, 11(2), 115–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wulczyn, F., Daro, D., Fluke, J., Feldman, S., Glodek, C., & Lifanda, K. (2010). Adapting a systems approach to child protection: Key concepts and considerations. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deborah Daro.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Daro, D. Early Family Support Interventions: Creating Context for Success. Glob Soc Welf 3, 91–96 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-016-0048-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-016-0048-2

Keywords

Navigation