Abstract
This study evaluated the thermal and mechanical characterization of microencapsulated phase change material blended cement tiles. The study utilized a eutectic mixture of capric acid (CA), and stearic acid (SA) synthesized using the melt blending method as an additive to save energy in building structures. Microencapsulation of the eutectic mixture was done by the sol–gel technique using silica as a shell material to avoid leakage issues. Stirring the solution consisting of silica precursor and eutectic mixture facilitated the formation of CA–SA loaded core and silica as shell material. The developed microcapsules exhibited good thermal stability, with thermal conductivity of 1.79 and 1.47 at 2.5% and 5.0% eutectic mixtures, respectively. Using encapsulated phase change material into the cement composite causes reduction indoor air temperature and causes achievement of comfort temperature by consuming less energy. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra of the microcapsules confirmed the characteristic vibrational frequencies for capric acid, stearic acid, and the silica particles. SEM (scanning electron microscope) described the morphology of the microcapsules as having a spherical shape. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test results indicated that the microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) melted at 22 °C, and the thermal stability was confirmed from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Adding MPCM into the cement mortar resulted in a slight drop in compressive strength of the mixtures. However, the indoor comfort was enhanced by reducing the temperature owing to the absorption of heat energy by the phase changing the property of the eutectic components. Overall, the MPCM exhibited good thermal stability and could be suitable for thermal energy storage in building applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alva G, Huang X, Liu L, Fang G (2017a) Synthesis and characterization of microencapsulated myristic acid–palmitic acid eutectic mixture as phase change material for thermal energy storage. Appl Energy 203:677–685
Alva G, Lin Y, Liu L, Fang G (2017b) Synthesis, characterization and applications of microencapsulated phase change materials in thermal energy storage: a review. Energy Build 144:276–294
ASTM C177 (19AD) Standard test method for steady-state heat flux measurements and thermal transmission properties by means of the guarded-hot-plate apparatus
Cellat K, Beyhan B, Güngör C et al (2015) Thermal enhancement of concrete by adding bio-based fatty acids as phase change materials. Energy Build 106:156–163
Cellat K, Tezcan F, Beyhan B et al (2017) A comparative study on corrosion behavior of rebar in concrete with fatty acid additive as phase change material. Constr Build Mater 143:490–500
Cui H, Liao W, Mi X et al (2015) Study on functional and mechanical properties of cement mortar with graphite-modified microencapsulated phase-change materials. Energy Build 105:273–284
Cunha S, Lima M, Aguiar JB (2016) Influence of adding phase change materials on the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortars. Constr Build Mater 127:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.119
de Gracia A, Cabeza LF (2015) Phase change materials and thermal energy storage for buildings. Energy Build 103:414–419
Döğüşcü DK, Altıntaş A, Sarı A, Alkan C (2017) Polystyrene microcapsules with palmitic-capric acid eutectic mixture as building thermal energy storage materials. Energy Build 150:376–382
Drissi S, Ling T-C, Mo KH, Eddhahak A (2019) A review of microencapsulated and composite phase change materials: alteration of strength and thermal properties of cement-based materials. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 110:467–484
Figueiredo A, Lapa J, Vicente R, Cardoso C (2016) Mechanical and thermal characterization of concrete with incorporation of microencapsulated PCM for applications in thermally activated slabs. Constr Build Mater 112:639–647
Haurie L, Serrano S, Bosch M et al (2016) Single layer mortars with microencapsulated PCM: study of physical and thermal properties, and fire behaviour. Energy Build 111:393–400
He F, Wang X, Wu D (2014) New approach for sol–gel synthesis of microencapsulated n-octadecane phase change material with silica wall using sodium silicate precursor. Energy 67:223–233
Hunger M, Entrop AG, Mandilaras I et al (2009) The behavior of self-compacting concrete containing micro-encapsulated phase change materials. Cem Concr Compos 31:731–743
Kahia M, Kadria M, Ben Aissa MS, Lanouar C (2017) Modelling the treatment effect of renewable energy policies on economic growth: evaluation from MENA countries. J Clean Prod 149:845–855
Kant K, Shukla A, Sharma A (2016) Ternary mixture of fatty acids as phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications. Energy Rep 2:274–279
Kosny J (2015) PCM-Enhanced building components: an application of phase change materials in building envelopes and internal structures, 1st edn. Springer International Publishing
Ling T-C, Poon C-S (2013) Use of phase change materials for thermal energy storage in concrete: an overview. Constr Build Mater 46:55–62
Milián YE, Gutiérrez A, Grágeda M, Ushak S (2017) A review on encapsulation techniques for inorganic phase change materials and the influence on their thermophysical properties. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 73:983–999
Narayanan A, Shanmugasundaram P (2018) Evaluation of heat resisting behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced FG tiles. Constr Build Mater 170:679–689
Nejat P, Jomehzadeh F, Taheri MM et al (2015) A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries). Renew Sustain Energy Rev 43:843–862
Nghana B, Tariku F (2016) Phase change material’s (PCM) impacts on the energy performance and thermal comfort of buildings in a mild climate. Build Environ 99:221–238
Pomianowski M, Heiselberg P, Zhang Y (2013) Review of thermal energy storage technologies based on PCM application in buildings. Energy Build 67:56–69
Ramakrishnan S, Wang X, Sanjayan J, Wilson J (2017) Thermal energy storage enhancement of lightweight cement mortars with the application of phase change materials. Procedia Eng 180:1170–1177
Richardson A, Heniegal A, Tindall J (2017) Optimal performance characteristics of mortar incorporating phase change materials and silica fume. J Green Build 12:59–78. https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.59
Šavija B, Zhang H, Schlangen E (2017) Influence of microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) addition on (micro) mechanical properties of cement paste. Materials (Basel) 10(8):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080863
Seo D-G, Koo I, Yoon U et al (2015) An Experimental study on the residual compressive strength of PCM depending on temperature variations. J Korea Inst Build Constr 15:483–489. https://doi.org/10.5345/JKIBC.2015.15.5.483
Soares N, Costa JJ, Gaspar AR, Santos P (2013) Review of passive PCM latent heat thermal energy storage systems towards buildings’ energy efficiency. Energy Build 59:82–103
Solé A, Miró L, Barreneche C et al (2013) Review of the T-history method to determine thermophysical properties of phase change materials (PCM). Renew Sustain Energy Rev 26:425–436
Song S, Dong L, Qu Z et al (2014) Microencapsulated capric–stearic acid with silica shell as a novel phase change material for thermal energy storage. Appl Therm Eng 70:546–551
Srinivasaraonaik B, Singh LP, Sinha S et al (2020) Studies on the mechanical properties and thermal behavior of microencapsulated eutectic mixture in gypsum composite board for thermal regulation in the buildings. J Build Eng 31:101400
Tan C, Arshadi M, Lee MC et al (2019) A Robust aqueous core–shell–shell coconut-like nanostructure for stimuli-responsive delivery of hydrophilic Cargo. ACS Nano 13:9016–9027. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b03049
van der Kroon B, Brouwer R, van Beukering PJH (2013) The energy ladder: theoretical myth or empirical truth? Results from a meta-analysis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 20:504–513
Wang R, Ren M, Gao X, Qin L (2018) Preparation and properties of fatty acids based thermal energy storage aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 165:1–10
Wei Z, Falzone G, Wang B et al (2017) The durability of cementitious composites containing microencapsulated phase change materials. Cem Concr Compos 81:66–76
Xiang L, Luo D, Yang J et al (2019) Preparation and comparison of properties of three phase change energy storage materials with hollow fiber membrane as the supporting carrier. Polymers (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081343
Yuan Y, Zhang N, Tao W et al (2014) Fatty acids as phase change materials: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 29:482–498
Zhang Z, Shi G, Wang S et al (2013) Thermal energy storage cement mortar containing n-octadecane/expanded graphite composite phase change material. Renew Energy 50:670–675
Zhao Y, Chen Z, Zhu X, Möller M (2016) A Facile one-step approach toward Polymer@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles via a surfactant-free miniemulsion polymerization technique. Macromolecules 49:1552–1562. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00038
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Management and the Principal, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, for supporting this research work
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baskar, I., Prabavathy, S., Jeyasubramanian, K. et al. Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material in Cementitious Composites. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 46, 1141–1151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00636-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00636-5