Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

What’s the Mission? Discursive Power and Human Rights–Based Language in Anti-Trafficking Organizations

  • Published:
Journal of Human Rights and Social Work Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the ways individuals or groups in power preserve their power is through the vehicle of language. As such, the message that an organization sends regarding its mission, vision, values, and or goals is just as important as the actual services with which it provides. Nowhere is this truer than within the realm of anti-trafficking service provision. Through content analysis of the mission, goal, vision, and value statements of 162 organizations who are funded to combat human trafficking, the research team examined how organization statements articulate a human rights–based approach. The study findings were that organizations who further the primacy of rights did it in four distinct ways: advocating for human rights seeing human rights as something survivors lack empowering survivors and viewing survivors as rights-holders. However, overall, there is still an under-utilization of human rights as a framework.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramson, K. (2003). Beyond consent, toward safeguarding human rights: implementing the United Nations trafficking protocol. Harvard International Law Journal, 44, 473–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, G. (2011). Re-trafficked victims: How a human rights approach can stop the cycle of re-victimization of sex trafficking victims. George Washington International Law Review, 43(1), 201–234.

  • American Psychological Association. (2017). Resolution on human trafficking in the United States, especially of women and girls. American Psychological Association Policy. https://www.apa.org/about/policy/trafficking-women-girls. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Bernstein, E. (2010). Militarized humanitarianism meets carceral feminism: the politics of sex rights and freedom in contemporary antitrafficking campaigns. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 36(1), 45–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, K. (1979). Female sexual slavery. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonds, E. (2014). Social problems: a human rights perspective. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromfield, N. F. (2015). Sex slavery and sex trafficking of women in the United States: historical and contemporary parallels, policies, and perspectives in social work. Affilia, 31(1), 129–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brysk, A., & Choi-Fitzpatrick, A. (2012). From human trafficking to human rights: reframing contemporary slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunch, C. (1990). Women’s rights as human rights: towards a re-vision of human rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 12, 486–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cemlyn, S. (2011). Human rights practice: possibilities and pitfalls for developing emancipatory social work. Ethics and Social Welfare, 2, 222–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, K. (2004). Qualitative research, reflexivity and context. In M. Murray (Ed.), Critical health psychology (pp. 121–136). Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, G., & Kim, K. (2007). Reconceptualizing approaches to human trafficking: new directions and perspectives from the field(s). Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, 3, 317–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapkis, W. (2003). Trafficking, migration and the law: protecting innocents, punishing immigrants. Gender & Society, 17(6), 923–937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chilton, M and Rose, D. R. (2009). A Rights-based approach to food insecurity in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1203–1211.

  • Clawson, H. J., Dutch, N., Salomon, A., and Grace, L. G. (2009). Human trafficking into and within the United States: a review of the literature. United States Department of Health and Human Services. http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/07/HumanTrafficking/LitRev/index.shtml. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Cornell Law School (n.d.). 22 US Code Chapter 78, Trafficking victims protection, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/chapter-78. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Council of Social Work Education (CSWE). (2008). Educational policy and accreditation standards. Alexandria: Council of Social Work Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desyllas, M. C. (2007). A critique of the global trafficking discourse and US policy. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 34(4), 57–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, P. (1973). Management: tasks, responsibilities, practices. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engle, S. M. (2006). Human rights and gender violence: translating international law into local justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedom Network USA (2016). About. https://freedomnetworkusa.org/about/. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Fukushima, A.I. (2015). Anti-violence iconographies of the cage: diasporan crossings and the (Un)tethering of subjectivities (R. Chevrette, C. Keating, A.H. Koblitz, K. Kuo, C.T. Lee, and H. Switzer, Eds.). Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies for the Special Issue on Transnational Feminisms 36(3): 160 - 192.

  • Fukushima, A.I. (2016). An American haunting: unsettling witnessing in transnational migration, the ghost case, & human trafficking (W.S. Hesford and R. Lewis) feminist formations, Special issue, Mobilizing Vulnerability: New Directions in Transnational FeministStudies & Human Rights 28(1): 146 – 165.

  • Fukushima, A.I. (2019). Migrant crossings: witnessing human trafficking in the US. Publisher: Stanford University Press.

  • Gallagher, A. T. (2001). Human rights and the new UN protocols on trafficking and migrant smuggling: a preliminary analysis. Human Rights Quarterly, 23(4), 975–1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, M. (2002). A call to purpose: mission-centered change at three liberal arts colleges. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healy, L. (2008). Exploring the history of social work as a human rights profession. International Social Work, 51, 735–748.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, K. (2009). Responding to global shifts in social work through the language of service user and service user involvement. International Journal of Social Welfare, 18(4), 375–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, K., Blythe, B., & Nicolson, P. (2012). How do social workers understand and respond to domestic violence and relate this to organizational policy and practice? International Social Work, 57(6), 698–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, K., & Dauenhauer, J. (2017). Field supervisor perspectives on evidence-based practice: familiarity, feasibility, and implementation. Journal of Social Work Education, 5,3 (3), 495–502.

  • Hesford, W. (2011). Spectacular rhetorics: human rights visions, recognitions, feminisms. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesford, W., & Kozol, W. (2005). Just advocacy? Women’s human rights, transnational feminisms, and the politics of representation. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holosko, M. J., Winkel, M., Crandall, C., & Briggs, H. (2015). A content analysis of mission statements of our top 50 schools of social work. Journal of Social Work Education, 51(2), 222–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • HRBA Portal (n.d.). What is a human rights-based approach. https://hrbaportal.org/faq/what-is-a-human-rights-based-approach. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Hua, J. (2011). Trafficking women’s human rights. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ife, J. (2001). Human rights and social work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ife, J. (2012). Human rights and social work: toward rights-based practice (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewish Community Relations Council. (2012). Human trafficking in Minnesota. A violation of human dignity. https://jrlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2011-human-trafficking.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Jordan, A. D. (2002). Human rights or wrongs? The struggle for a rights-based response to trafficking in human beings. Gender and Development, 10(1), 28–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantabutra, S., & Avery, G. C. (2010). The power of vision: statements that resonate. Journal of Business Strategy, 31(1), 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, G. (1983). Academic strategy: the management revolution in American higher education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kempadoo, K. (2007). The war on human trafficking in the Caribbean. Race & Class, 49(2), 79–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kempadoo, K., Sanghera, J. & Pattanaik, B. (Eds.). (2005). Trafficking and prostitution reconsidered: new perspectives on migration, sex work, and human rights. New York and London: Routledge.

  • Kempadoo, K., Sanghera, J., & Battanaik, B. (2012). Trafficking and prostitution reconsidered: new perspectives on migration, sex work, and human rights. New York: Routledge. First published with Paradigm Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. (2011). Trafficking and global crime control. London: Thousand Oaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Limoncelli, S. A. (2009). The trouble with trafficking: conceptualizing women’s sexual labor and economic human rights. Women's Studies International Forum, 43(4), 261–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, T. K., Walker, R., & Hunt, G. (2009). Understanding human trafficking in the United States. Trauma Violence Abuse, 10(1), 3–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundy, C. (2011). Social work, social justice, and human rights: a structural approach to practice (2nd ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundy, C., & Van Wormer, K. (2007). Social and economic justice, human rights and peace: the challenge for social work in Canada and the US. International Social Work, 50, 727–739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, K. & Fukushima, A. (2018). Grant management toolkit: building sustainable anti-trafficking programs. Office on Trafficking in Persons: Administration for Children & Families and the National Human Trafficking Training & Technical Assistance Center. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/otip/final_grant_management_toolkit_building_sustai nable_anti.pdf, February 2018.

  • National Association of Social Work (2017). Code of ethics of the national association of social workers. Retrieved from: https://www.naswma.org/page/71/Code-of-Ethics-of-the-National-Association-of-Social-Workers.htm. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Nyamu-Musembi, C. & Cornwall, A. (2004). What is the rights-based approach all about? Perspectives from international development agencies. Institute of Development Studies, ISBN 1 85864 847 5, https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/ds2/stream/?#/documents/13417/page/2. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Obokata, T. (2006). Trafficking of human beings from a human rights perspective: towards a holistic approach. Leiden, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

  • Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) (n.d.). What is human trafficking. https://ovc.ncjrs.gov/humantrafficking/. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • Osiatyński, W. (2009). Human rights and their limits. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert, E. (2003). Social work and human rights. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert, E. (Ed.). (2007). Challenges in human rights: a social work perspective. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert, E. (2011). Social work and human rights: a foundation for policy and practice. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert, E. (2011a). Human rights in social work: an essential basis. Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, 27(3), 207–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rijken, C. (2009). A human rights based approach to trafficking in human beings. Security and Human Rights, 3, 212–222.

  • Ross-Sheriff, F. and Orme, J. (2015). Human trafficking: overview. Encyclopedia of Social Work. National Association of Social Workers Press and Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.945

  • Segrave, M. (2009). Human trafficking and human rights. Australian Journal of Human Rights, 14(2), 71–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soderlund, G. (2005). Running from the rescuers: new US crusades against sex trafficking and the rhetoric of abolition. NWSA Journal, 17(3), 64–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solorzano, D., Ceja, M., & Yosso, T. (2000). Critical race theory, racial microaggressions, and campus climate: the experiences of African American college students. The Journal of Negro Educations, 69(1/2), 60–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, G. M., Herberg, A., & Berman, J. (2012). Best practices for human rights and humanitarian NGO fact-finding. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (2011). Human rights-based approach to trafficking. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/HumanRightsbasedapproachtotrafficking.aspx#sthash.d6PwC2mo.dpuf. Accessed 20 June 2019.

  • UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2002). Recommended principles and guidelines on human rights and human trafficking. (E/2002/68/Add.1), available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3f1fc60f4.html. Accessed 25 October 2019.

  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2006). Global report on trafficking in persons, Vienna.

  • Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and practice: new tools for critical discourse analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weitzer, R. (2007). The social construction of sex trafficking: ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade. Politics and Society, 35(3), 447–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wronka, J. (2008). Human rights and social justice: social action and service for the helping and health professions. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, T. (Ed.). (2010). Sex trafficking, human rights, and social justice. Florence: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Annie Isabel Fukushima.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

Institutional Review Boards for human subjects protect the human subject. This study did not rely on working with humans—only working on textual analysis—and organizations are not considered human subjects; therefore, this study was exempt from the Institutional Review Board process.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fukushima, A.I., Heffernan, K. What’s the Mission? Discursive Power and Human Rights–Based Language in Anti-Trafficking Organizations. J. Hum. Rights Soc. Work 5, 129–138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-019-00109-w

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-019-00109-w

Keywords

Navigation