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Inhibition of S. mutans after nanoparticle mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on oral biofilm flow-cell system using laser or LED

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Abstract

Purpose

This study tested the effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) on single-species biofilm grown in a flow-cell system using methylene blue associated with nanoparticles of β-cyclodextrin and light sources of red laser or light-emitting diode (LED).

Methods

The flow-cell system comprised chambers for biofilm cultivation with S. mutans under continuous hydrodynamic conditions containing BHI supplemented with 1% sucrose (w/v). Biofilms were divided into six groups (n = 6): C (control), P (photosensitizer + β-cyclodextrin), L (laser), LED (light-emitting diode), LP (laser + photosensitizer + β-cyclodextrin), and LEDP (LED + photosensitizer + β-cyclodextrin). Groups irradiated with laser were exposed to a low power light (λ = 660 nm, 320 J/cm2, 0.1 W, 9 J, 90 s). Groups irradiated with LEDs were exposed to 12 LEDs (λ = 660 nm, 8.1 J/cm2, 0.09 W/cm2, and 8.1 J for 90 s). The antibacterial potential of treatments was assessed by viable S. mutans counts of biofilm in selective medium. The vitality of intact biofilms was qualitatively evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis (CLSM). The data were analyzed by Welch’s one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe´s post-hoc tests (p < 0.05).

Results

No reductions in the number of S. mutans for C, P, L, and LED groups were found (p > 0.05). The number of S. mutans was significantly reduced in LP and LEDP groups (p < 0.05) and LP had the lowest microbial numbers (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

PACT protocol was effective in reducing S. mutans in the dynamic biofilm model tested using laser or LED. Furthermore, laser as a light source presented a better performance than LED.

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Acknowledgements

The illustration (Fig. 1) was created with the aid of “BioRender.com.”

Funding

This work was supported by the “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo” FAPESP (2017/03263–3), and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Kelly Maria Silva Moreira, Luciana Solera Sales, Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani, Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos & Carolina Steiner-Oliveira

  2. Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Talita S. Graziano, Felipe Joia & Rafael Nobrega Stipp

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Cap. Francisco Pedro S/N, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil

    Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues

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  1. Kelly Maria Silva Moreira
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Moreira, K.M.S., Graziano, T.S., Sales, L.S. et al. Inhibition of S. mutans after nanoparticle mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on oral biofilm flow-cell system using laser or LED. Laser Dent Sci 5, 137–145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41547-021-00128-9

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