Abstract
Liposomes are designed to encapsulate chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment. Their small size (nano-scale) allows them to extravagate through the leaky vascular surroundings of the tumor. Ultrasound waves can be used as an external trigger to control drug release from these liposomes. It is essential that the therapeutic dose is released as cancer cells can develop drug resistance, in part due to the concentration levels of the chemotherapeutic agent dipping below therapeutic levels during the treatment. To address this issue, this study proposes a feedback drug release controller based on model predictive control theory (MPC) and neural networks (NN). Our preliminary simulation results suggest that using a feedback controller is capable of keeping drug concentration levels, in the tumor site, at or above therapeutic levels. This is achieved by controlling the amount of acoustic drug release from these lipid-based nanocarriers, thus ensuring a controlled, safe, and effective therapeutic dose.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.A. McKnight, Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract. 18, 2 (2003)
W.H. De Jong, P.J.A. Borm, Int. J. Nanomedicine 3, 2 (2008)
X.-J. Liang, C. Chen, Y. Zhao, P.C. Wang, Methods Mol Biol, 596 (2010)
S.E. Ahmed, A.M. Martins, G.A. Husseini, J. Drug Target. 23, 1 (2015)
T. A Nishita, Osaka City Med. J. 44, 1 (1998)
H.G. Moussa, A. M. M, G.A. Husseini, Current Cancer Drug Targets 15, 4 (2015)
G.T. Noble, J.F. Stefanick, J.D. Ashley, T. Kiziltepe, B. Bilgicer, Trends Biotechnol. 32, 1 (2014)
B. Bhushan, V. Khanadeev, B. Khlebtsov, N. Khlebtsov, P. Gopinath, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci 246 (2017)
M.L. Immordino, F. Dosio, L. Cattel, Int. J. Nanomedicine 1, 3 (2006)
Y. Nakamura, A. Mochida, P.L. Choyke, H. Kobayan Bioconjug, Chem. 27, 10 (2016)
U. Prabhakar, H. Maeda, R.K. Jain, E.M. Sevick-Muraca, W. Zamboni, O.C. Farokhzad, S.T. Barry, A. Gabizon, P. Grodzinski, D.C. Blakey, Cancer Res. 73, 8 (2013)
J.I. Hare, T. Lammers, M.B. Ashford, S. Puri, G. S,torm, S.T. Barry, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 108 (2017)
A.A. Manzoor, L.H. Lindner, C.D. Landon, J.-Y. Park, A.J. Simnick, M.R. Dreher, S. Das, G. Hanna, W. Park, A. Chilkoti, Cancer Res. 72, 21 (2012)
A.W. El-Kareh, T.W. Secomb, Neoplasia 2, 4 (2000)
M.J. Turk, J.A. Reddy, J.A. Chmielewski, P.S. Low, Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes 1, 1559 (2002)
L. Zhu, P. Kate, V.P. Torchilin, ACS Nano 6, 4 (2012)
D. Needham, G. Anyarambhatla, G. Kong, M.W. Dewhirst, Cancer Res. 60, 5 (2000)
W.G. Pitt, G.A. Husseini, B.J. Staples, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 1, 1 (2004)
S.M. Chowdhury, T. Lee, J.K. Willmann, Ultrasonography 36, 3 (2017)
L. Li, T.L.M. ten Hagen, M. Hossann, R. Süss, G.C. van Rhoon, A.M.M. Eggermont, D. Haemmerich, G.A. Koning, J. Control. Release 168, 2 (2013)
N. Saniei, Heat Transf. Eng. 30, 12 (2009)
G.F. Baronzio, E.D. Hager, Hyperthermia in cancer treatment: a primer. Springer Science & Business Media (2008)
N.Y. Rapoport, A.M. Kennedy, J.E. Shea, C.L. Scaife, K.-H. Nam, J. Control. Release 138, 3 (2009)
S.K. Cool, B. Geers, S. Roels, S. Stremersch, K. Vanderperren, J.H. Saunders, S.C. De Smedt, J. Demeester, N.N. Sanders, J. Control. Release 172, 3 (2013)
P. Wust, B. Hildebrandt, G. Sreenivasa, B. Rau, J. Gellermann, H. Riess, R. Felix, P.M. Schlag, Lancet Oncol. 3, 8 (2002)
C. Oerlemans, R. Deckers, G. Storm, W.E. Hennink, J.F.W. Nijsen, J. Control. Release 168, 3 (2013)
J. R. Lattin, D. M. Belnap, and W. G. Pitt, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces 89 (2012)
C.A. Herrera-Cáceres, A. Ibeas, J. Frankl. Inst. 353, 18 (2016)
A. Rahideh, M. Hasan Shaheed, J. Frankl. Inst. 348, 8 (2011)
E. Harati, H. Ahmadi Noubari, J. Frankl. Inst. 353, 15 (2016)
G.A. Husseini, M.A. Diaz de la Rosa, E.O. AlAqqad, S. Al Mamary, Y. Kadimati, A. Al Baik, W.G. Pitt, J. Frankl. Inst. 348, 1 (2011)
G.A. Husseini, N.M. Abdel-Jabbar, F.S. Mjalli, W.G. Pitt, A. Al-Mousa, J. Frankl. Inst. 348, 7 (2011)
W. Jiang, H. Wang, J. Lu, W. Qin, G. Cai, J. Frankl. Inst. 354, 7 (2017)
J. M. Maciejowski, Annu. Rev. Control 23 (1999)
P.V. Torchilin, V.P. Torchilin, V. Torchilin, V. Weissig, Liposomes: a practical approach. Oxford University Press (2003)
B.S. Leon, A.Y. Alanis, E.N. Sanchez, F. Ornelas-Tellez, E. Ruiz-Velazquez, J. Frankl. Inst. 349, 5 (2012)
B. Vatankhah, M. Farrokhi, J. Frankl. Inst. 354, 13 (2017)
P. Gupta, N.K. Sinha, J. Frankl. Inst. 336, 4 (1999)
E.F. Camacho, C.B. Alba, Model predictive control. Springer Science & Business Media (2013)
A. Hijazy, H. Al – Smoudi, M. Swedan, N. Qaddoum, H. Al – Nashash, and K. G. Ramesh, J. Franklin Inst. 343, 4 (2006)
Funding
This work was financially supported by the American University of Sharjah Faculty Research Grants (FRGs and eFRGs), Al-Jalila Foundation (AJF 2015555), Al Qasimi Foundation, Patient’s Friends Committee-Sharjah, the Takamul program, the Technology Innovation Pioneer (TIP) program, and Dana Gas Endowed Chair for Chemical Engineering.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(PDF 986 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moussa, H.G., Husseini, G.A., Ahmad, S.E. et al. The use of artificial neural networks to control the concentration of a model drug released acoustically. emergent mater. 3, 503–513 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00077-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00077-2