Abstract
In order to investigate the response of inbred bread wheat lines to drought stress caused by polyethylene glycol during vegetative growth stages, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two replications in two normal environments and drought stress on 169 inbred lines. In this experiment, in order to create drought stress, polyethylene glycol with an osmotic potential of 8 MPa was used. In this study, morphological traits of shoot and root length, shoot and root weight, shoot and root dry weight, ratios of root length to shoot length, ratios of root wet weight to shoot wet weight, plant length, ratios of root dry weight to shoot dry weight, total wet weight of root and shoot and total dry weight of root and shoot were studied and statistically analyzed. The results of observational analysis showed that drought stress had a significant effect on the tested traits. The results of cluster analysis showed that the ninth cluster genotypes in both normal and drought conditions in terms of root and shoot length traits showed a higher rate than other clusters. Finally, root and shoot length components can be used as the best traits to select drought-tolerant line.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
28 February 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-022-00261-6
References
Abdel-Ghani AH, Neumann K, Wabila C, Sharma R, Dhanagond S, Owais SJ, Börner A, Graner A, Kilian B (2015) Diversity of germination and seedling traits in a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) collection under drought simulated conditions. Genet Resour Crop Evol 62:275–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0152-z
Arnon I (1972) Crop Production in Dry Regions. Cambridge University Press, London, UK, p 683
Brown L, George T, Dupuy L, White PA (2013) conceptual model of root hair ideotypes for future agricultural environments: What combination of traits should be targeted to cope with limited P availability? Ann Bot 112:317–330
Chloupek O, Hrstkova P, Jurecka D, Graner A (2003) Tolerance of barley seed germination to cold- and drought-stress expressed as seed vigour. Plant Breed 122:199–203. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00800.x
Delachiave MEA, De Pinho SZ (2003) Germination of Senna occidentalis link: seed at different osmotic potential levels. Braz Arch Tech 46:163–166
Ehdaie B, Layne AP, Waines JG (2012) Root system plasticity to drought influences grain yield in bread wheat. Euphytica 186:219–232
Evans RO, Skagss RW, Sneed RE (1991) Stress day index models to predict corn and soybean relative yield under high water table conditions. Trans ASAE 5:1997–2005
Gill PR, Shama AD, Singh P, Singh Bhullar S (2002) Osmotic stress-induced cganges in germination, groth and soluble suger content of sorghum bicolorL. Seeds Bulg. J Plant 28:12–25
Grzesiak S (1990) Reaction to drought of inbreds and hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) as evaluated in field and greenhouse experiments. Maydica 35:303–331
Hamayun M, Khan SA, Shinwari ZK, Khan AL, Ahmad N, Lee IJ (2010a) Effect of polyethylene glycol induced drought stress on physio-hormonal attributes of soybean. Pak J Bot 42:977–986. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABiol.65.2014.2.6
Hamayun M, Sohn EY, Khan SA, Shinwari ZK, Khan AL, Lee IJ (2010b) Silicon alleviates the adverse effects of salinity and drought stress on growth and endogenous plant growth hormones of soybean (Glycine max L.). Pak J Bot 42:1713–1722
Hiaso TC, Acevedo E (1974) Plant responses to water deficits, water use efficiency and drought resistance. Agric Metrol 14:56–84
Honsdorf N, March TJ, Hecht A, Eglinton J, Pillen K (2014) Evaluation of juvenile drought stress tolerance and genotyping by sequencing with wild barley introgression lines. Mol Breed 34:1475–1495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-014-0131-2
Khakshour Moghadam Z, Lahouti M, Ganjali A (2011) Investigation of the effects of stress caused by polyethylene glycol on germination and morphological characteristics of the plant. J Hortic Sci 25:185
Khodarahmpour Z (2011) Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on germination indices in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Afr J Biotech 10(79):18222–18227
Kido EA, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Pandolfi V, De Melo Souza AC, Benko-Iseppon AM (2016) Drought stress tolerance in plants: insights from transcriptomic studies. In Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol. 2; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, pp. 153–185
King J (2011) Reaching for the sun. How plant work. Part IV Stress, defense, and decline. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 185–244
Kumari A, Sairam RK, Singh SK, Krishna GK (2014) Early growth response: An indicator of subsequent growth and yield of wheat genotypes grown under simulated water stress condition. Indian J Plant Physiol 19:94–100
Lorens GF, Bennett JM, Loggale LB (1985) Differences in drought resistance between two corn hybrids. I. Water relations and root length density. Agron J 79:802–807
Macar TK, Turano, Ekmekci Y (2009) Effects of water deficit induced by PEG and NaCl on chickpea (Cicer arietimum). Cultivars and Lines at early seedling stage. G. U. J Sci, 22: 5–14
Manschadi AM, Christopher J, deVoil P, Hammer GL (2006) The role of root architectural traits in adaptation of wheat to water-limited environments. Funct Plant Biol 33:823–837
Mishra AK, Singh VP (2010) A review of drought concepts. J Hydrol 391:202–216
Mondini L, Pagnotta MA (2015) Drought and salt stress in cereals. In: Lichtfouse E, Goyal A (eds) Sustainable agriculture reviews: cereals. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16988-0_1
Nabizadeh A, Heidari Sharifabad H, Noor Mohammadi Q (2007) Assessment of drought tolerance of pure winter wheat lines in the stages of germination and vegetative growth. J Agric Sci 13:661–678
Ochoa IE, Blair MW, Lynch JP (2006) QTL analysis of adventitious root formation in common bean under contrasting phosphorus availability. Crop Sci 46:1609–1621
Paknejad F, Nasri M, Moghadam HRT, Zahedi H, Alahmadi MF (2007) Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence. Acta Physiol Plant 35:549–565
Palta JA, Yang JC (2014) Crop root system behaviour and yield. Field Crops Res 165:1–149
Ragab AR, Abdel-Raheem AT, Kasem ZA, Omar FD, Samera AM (2007) Evaluation of R1 tomato somaclone plants selected under polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. Afr Crop Sci Soc 8:2017–2025
Reynolds MP, Singh RP, Ibrahim A, Agech OAA, Larque-Saavedra A, Quick JS (1998) Evaluation physiological traits to complement empirical selection for wheat in warm environments. Euphytica 100:84–95
Rizwan M, Ali S, Ibrahim M, Farid M, Adrees M, Bharwana SA, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Qayyum MF, Abbas F (2015) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:15416–15431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5305-x
Robin AHK, Matthew C, Uddin MJ, Bayazid KN (2016) Salinity-induced reduction in root surface area and changes in major root and shoot traits at the phytomer level in wheat. J Exp Bot 67:3719–3729
Robin AHK, Ghosh S, Shahed MA (2021) PEG-induced osmotic stress alters root morphology and root hair traits in wheat genotypes. Plants 10:1042
Sharma PC, Singh D, Sehgal D, Singh G, Hash CT, Yadav RS (2014) Further evidence that a terminal drought tolerance QTL of pearl millet is associated with reduced salt uptake. Environ Exp Bot 102:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.01.013
Shi J, Zhan J, Yang Y, Ye J, Huang S, Li R, Wang X, Liu G, Wang H (2015) Linkage and regional association analysis reveal two new tightly-linked major-QTLs for pod number and seed number per pod in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Sci Rep 5:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14481
Sun C, Gao X, Fu J, Zhou J, Wu X (2015) Metabolic response of maize (Zea mays L.) plants to combined drought and salt stress. Plant Soil 388:99–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2309-0
Takahashi H, Noda M, Sakurai K, Watanabe A, Akagi H, Sato K, Takeda K (2008) QTLs in barley controlling seedling elongation of deep-sown seeds. Euphytica 164:761–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9720-7
Van der Weele CM, Spollen WG, Sharp RE, Baskin TI (2000) Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under water deficit studied by control of water potential in nutrient-agar media. J Exp Bot 51:1555–1562
Wang X, Wang N, Rui Q, Zhang P, Xu L (2013) Jasmonates modulate the promotion effects induced by SNP on root development of wheat under osmotic stress through lipoxygenase activation. J Plant Biochem Biotech 22:295–303
Winter SR, Musick JT, Porter KB (2012) Evaluation of screening techniques for breeding drought resistant winter wheat. Crop Sci 28:512–516
Xue W, Yan J, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Cheng J, Cattivelli L, Tondelli A (2017) A major QTL on chromosome 7HS controls the response of barley seedling to salt stress in the Nure ×Tremois population. BMC Genet 18:79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-017-0545-z
Yun W, Jinping Z, Yong S, Jauhar A, Jianlong X, Zhikang L (2012) Identification of genetic overlaps for salt and drought tolerance using simple sequence repeat markers on an advanced backcross population in rice. Crop Sci 52:1583–1592. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.12.0628
Zeng ZB, Teulat B, Merah O, Sirault X, Borries C, Waugh R, This D, Abebe T, Guenzi AC, Martin B (2014) Detection and validation of novel QTL for shoot and root traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J Exp Bot 9:171–180
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the member of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Yazd, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO).
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
The original version of this article has been revised: The 1st and 3rd authors’ affiliations have been corrected.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tabatabai, S.M.T., Goshasbi, F. & Bakhshi, B. Evaluation of the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination and morphological characteristics of bread wheat. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 50, 1009–1015 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-022-00242-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-022-00242-9