Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Use of demineralized cortical fibers is associated with reduced risk of pseudarthrosis after pedicle subtraction osteotomy for adult spinal deformity

  • Case Series
  • Published:
Spine Deformity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To assess the effect of demineralized cortical fibers (DCF) on postoperative pseudarthrosis requiring revision surgery in patients undergoing pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Methods

The use of DCF was introduced across all procedures in 2017 and subsequent patients undergoing PSO surgery were prospectively and consecutively registered. Following sample-size estimation, a retrospective cohort was also registered undergoing the same procedure immediately prior to the implementation of DCF. The non-DCF group underwent surgery with ABG. Minimum follow-up was 2 years in both groups. The main outcome was postoperative pseudarthrosis, either CT-verified or verified intraoperatively during revision surgery due to rod breakage and assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.

Results

A total of 48 patients were included in the DCF group and 76 in the non-DCF group. The DCF group had more frequently undergone previous spine surgery (60% vs 36%) and had shorter follow-up (32 ± 2 vs 40 ± 7 months). Pseudarthrosis occurred in 7 (15%) patients in the DCF group and 31 (41%) in the non-DCF group, corresponding to a relative risk increase of 2.6 (95%CI 1.3–2.4, P < 0.01). 1-KM survival analyses, taking time to event into account and thus the difference in follow-up, also showed increased pseudarthrosis in the non-DCF group (log-rank P = 0.022). Similarly, multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, instrumented levels and sacral fusion was also with significantly increased odds of pseudarthrosis in the non-DCF group (OR: 4.3, 95%CI: 1.7–11.3, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

We found considerable and significant reductions in pseudarthrosis following PSO surgery with DCF compared to non-DCF.

Level of evidence

III.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4:

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pellisé F, Vila-Casademunt A, Ferrer M et al (2014) Impact on health related quality of life of adult spinal deformity (ASD) compared with other chronic conditions. Eur Spine J 24:3–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-014-3542-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Good CR, Auerbach JD, O’Leary PT, Schuler TC (2011) Adult spine deformity. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 4:159–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-011-9101-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Ames CP, Scheer JK, Lafage V et al (2016) Adult spinal deformity: epidemiology, health impact, evaluation, and management. Spine Deform 4:310–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2015.12.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Everett CR, Patel RK (2007) A systematic literature review of nonsurgical treatment in adult scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32:S130–S134. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318134ea88

  5. Scheer JK, Hostin R, Robinson C et al (2018) Operative management of adult spinal deformity results in significant increases in QALYs gained compared to nonoperative management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43:339–347. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001626

  6. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Berven S et al (2009) Improvement of back pain with operative and nonoperative treatment in adults with scoliosis. Neurosurgery 65:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000347005.35282.6C

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Berven S et al (2009) Operative versus nonoperative treatment of leg pain in adults with scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:1693–1698. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ac5fcd

  8. Yadla S, Maltenfort MG, Ratliff JK, Harrop JS (2010) Adult scoliosis surgery outcomes: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus 28:E3. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.12.FOCUS09254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Charosky S, Guigui P, Blamoutier A et al (2012) Complications and risk factors of primary adult scoliosis surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37:693–700. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822ff5c1

  10. Sciubba DM, Yurter A, Smith JS et al (2015) A comprehensive review of complication rates after surgery for adult deformity: a reference for informed consent. Spine Deform 3:575–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2015.04.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Smith JS, Klineberg E, Lafage V et al (2016) Prospective multicenter assessment of perioperative and minimum 2-year postoperative complication rates associated with adult spinal deformity surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 25:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.11.SPINE151036

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Silber JS, Anderson DG, Daffner SD et al (2003) Donor site morbidity after anterior iliac crest bone harvest for single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28:134–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200301150-00008

  13. Sawin PD, Traynelis VC, Menezes AH (1998) A comparative analysis of fusion rates and donor-site morbidity for autogeneic rib and iliac crest bone grafts in posterior cervical fusions. J Neurosurg 88:255–265. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.88.2.0255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Younger EM, Chapman MW (1989) Morbidity at bone graft donor sites. J Orthop Trauma 3:192–195. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-198909000-00002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wildemann B, Kadow-Romacker A, Haas NP, Schmidmaier G (2007) Quantification of various growth factors in different demineralized bone matrix preparations. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 81A:437–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Plantz MA, Hsu WK (2020) Recent research advances in biologic bone graft materials for spine surgery. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 13:318–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-020-09620-4

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Fu T-S, Wang I-C, Lu M-L et al (2016) The fusion rate of demineralized bone matrix compared with autogenous iliac bone graft for long multi-segment posterolateral spinal fusion. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0861-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Aghdasi B, Montgomery SR, Daubs MD, Wang JC (2013) A review of demineralized bone matrices for spinal fusion: the evidence for efficacy. Surg 11:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2012.08.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Han S, Park B, Lim J-W et al (2020) Comparison of fusion rate between demineralized bone matrix versus autograft in lumbar fusion: meta-analysis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2019.0185

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Buser Z, Brodke DS, Youssef JA et al (2018) Allograft versus demineralized bone matrix in instrumented and noninstrumented lumbar fusion: a systematic review. Glob Spine J 8:396–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/2192568217735342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Russell N, Walsh WR, Lovric V et al (2020) In-vivo performance of seven commercially available demineralized bone matrix fiber and putty products in a rat posterolateral fusion model. Front Surg 7:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2020.00010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee KJH, Roper JG, Wang JC (2005) Demineralized bone matrix and spinal arthrodesis. Spine J 5:S217–S223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2005.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Martin GJ, Boden SD, Titus L, Scarborough NL (1999) New formulations of demineralized bone matrix as a more effective graft alternative in experimental posterolateral lumbar spine arthrodesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 24:637–645. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199904010-00005

  24. Street JT, Lenehan BJ, DiPaola CP et al (2012) Morbidity and mortality of major adult spinal surgery. A prospective cohort analysis of 942 consecutive patients. Spine J 12:22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2011.12.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Karstensen S, Bari T, Gehrchen M et al (2016) Morbidity and mortality of complex spine surgery: a prospective cohort study in 679 patients validating the Spine AdVerse Event Severity (SAVES) system in a European population. Spine J 16:146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.09.051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bari TJ, Karstensen S, Sørensen MD et al (2019) Readmission following complex spine surgery in a prospective cohort of 679 patients – 2-years follow up using the Spine AdVerse Event Severity (SAVES) system. Spine J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2019.12.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bari TJ, Karstensen S, Sørensen MD et al (2020) Revision surgery and mortality following complex spine surgery: 2-year follow-up in a prospective cohort of 679 patients using the Spine AdVerse Event Severity (SAVES) system. Spine Deform. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-020-00164-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Maillot C, Ferrero E, Fort D et al (2015) Reproducibility and repeatability of a new computerized software for sagittal spinopelvic and scoliosis curvature radiologic measurements: Keops®. Eur Spine J 24:1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-3817-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. R Core Team (2020) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing

  30. Gerds TA (2019) prodlim: Product-limit estimation for censored event history analysis

  31. Therneau TM (2020) A Package for Survival Analysis in R

  32. Therneau TM, Grambsch PM (2000) Modeling survival data: extending the {C}ox model. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. Wickham H (2016) ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. Rampersaud YR, Neary MA, White K (2010) Spine Adverse Events Severity System. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35:790–795. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bf25a3

  35. Rampersaud YR, Anderson PA, Dimar JR, Fisher CG (2016) Spinal adverse events severity system, version 2 (SAVES-V2): inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment. J Neurosurg Spine 25:256–263. https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.1.SPINE14808

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Paul JC, Lonner BS, Vira S et al (2016) Use of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein is associated with reduced risk of reoperation after spine fusion for adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 41:E15–E21. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001173

  37. Kim HJ, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP et al (2013) RhBMP-2 is superior to iliac crest bone graft for long fusions to the sacrum in adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38:1209–1215. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31828b656d

  38. Poorman GW, Jalai CM, Boniello A et al (2017) Bone morphogenetic protein in adult spinal deformity surgery: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 26:2094–2102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4841-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Campbell MJ et al (2008) The perioperative cost of Infuse bone graft in posterolateral lumbar spine fusion. Spine J 8:443–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2007.03.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Louie PK, Hassanzadeh H, Singh K (2014) Epidemiologic trends in the utilization, demographics, and cost of bone morphogenetic protein in spinal fusions. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 7:177–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-014-9222-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Zadegan SA, Abedi A, Jazayeri SB et al (2017) Demineralized bone matrix in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 26:958–974. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4858-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Pichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH et al (2010) Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35:219–226. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c91180

Download references

Funding

No external funding was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spine Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Tanvir Johanning Bari, Lars Valentin Hansen & Martin Gehrchen

  2. Department of Orthopedics and Scoliosis Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Benny Dahl

Authors
  1. Tanvir Johanning Bari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lars Valentin Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Benny Dahl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Martin Gehrchen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

TJB: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work. Substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. Revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Final approval of the version to be published. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. LVH: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work. Revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Final approval of the version to be published. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. BD: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work. Revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Final approval of the version to be published. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. MG: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work. Revising the work critically for important intellectual content. Final approval of the version to be published. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tanvir Johanning Bari.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

BD (consulting fees from K2M outside of the submitted work), MG (institutional grants from K2M and Medtronic outside of the submitted work), the remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the National Health and Medical authority and The National Data Protection Agency.

Informed consent

This study includes no experimental investigation.

Availability of data

Data are not available under local data protection law.

Code availability

Can be made available upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bari, T.J., Hansen, L.V., Dahl, B. et al. Use of demineralized cortical fibers is associated with reduced risk of pseudarthrosis after pedicle subtraction osteotomy for adult spinal deformity. Spine Deform 10, 657–667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-021-00444-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-021-00444-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation