Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a TC6 alloy blade preform produced by cross wedge rolling

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cross wedge rolling (CWR) is one of the most effective plastic deformation methods utilized for the production of shaft parts or non-shaft preforms with refined grains and improved mechanical properties. The main goal of this work was to study the influence of CWR process parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a TC6 alloy and determine the suitable process parameters for a TC6 alloy blade preform fabricated with CWR. The results showed that the volume fraction of the equiaxed α phase (\( f_{\alpha \_e} \)) decreased from ~ 0.38 to ~ 0.04 by increasing the initial deformation temperature, and the elongation (El) also decreased from ~ 19.6 to ~ 11.8% because dislocation slip first started in the equiaxed grains and then dispersed into the adjacent grains. Thus, additional equiaxed grains contributed to an increased plasticity. Moreover, with an increasing area reduction, the value of \( f_{\alpha \_e} \) increased from ~ 0.14 to ~ 0.31, and the grain refinement and microstructure uniformity also increased. In addition, the El was significantly reduced by over 50%, but the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increased under WC (water cooling) conditions due to the precipitation of the acicular secondary α phase and pinning effect of the small equiaxed α phase. Based on the determined suitable parameters, the TC6 alloy blade preform was successfully manufactured by CWR, the microstructure was evenly distributed, and the UTS, YS and El were 1120.1 MPa, 1020.9 MPa and 15.2%, respectively, which meet the current technical requirements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Leyens C, Peters M. Titanium and titanium alloys: fundamentals and Applications. 1st ed. Darmstadt: betz-druck GmbH; 2003.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Huang SH, Zong YY, Shan DB. Application of thermohydrogen processing to Ti6Al4V alloy blade isothermal forging. Mater Sci Eng, A. 2013;561:17–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu YL, Du K, Zhan M, Yang H, Zhang FW. Physical modeling of blade forging. J Mater Process Technol. 2000;99:141–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Na YS, Yeom JT, Park NK, Lee JY. Prediction of microstructure evolution during high temperature blade forging of a Ni–Fe based superalloy, alloy 718. Met Mater Int. 2003;9:15–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Painter B, Shivpuri R, Altan T. Prediction of die wear during hot-extrusion of engine valves. J Mater Process Technol. 1996;59:132–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Huo YM, Bai Q, Wang BY, Lin JG, Zhou J. A new application of unified constitutive equations for cross wedge rolling of a high-speed railway axle steel. J Mater Process Technol. 2015;223:274–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ji HC, Liu JP, Wang BY, Zhang ZR, Zhang T, Hu ZH. Numerical analysis and experiment on cross wedge rolling and forging for engine valves. J Mater Process Technol. 2015;221:233–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Meyer M, Stonis M, Behrens BA. Cross wedge rolling and bi-directional forging of preforms for crankshafts. Prod Eng Res Dev. 2015;9:61–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Behrens BA, Stonis M, Blohm T, Richter J. Investigating the effects of cross wedge rolling preforming operation and die forging with flash brakes on forging titanium hip implants. Int J Mater Form. 2018;11:67–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Qin DY, Guo DZ, Zheng L, Li YL. Dynamic recrystallization of Ti-5553 alloy during sub-transus thermomechanical processing: mechanisms and its role in formation of a bi-modal structure. J Alloy Compd. 2018;769:725–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Julien R, Velay V, Vidal V, Dahan Y, Forestier R. Characterization and modeling of forged Ti–6Al–4V Titanium alloy with microstructural considerations during quenching process. Int J Mech Sci. 2018;142–143:456–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Shi ZF, Guo HZ, Liu R, Wang XC, Yao ZK. Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy by near-isothermal forging. Trans Nonferr Met Soc. 2015;25:72–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xu JW, Zeng WD, Sun X, Jia ZQ. Microstructure evolution during isothermal forging and subsequent heat treatment of Ti-17 alloy with a lamellar colony structure. J Alloy Compd. 2015;637:449–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ansarian I, Shaeri MH, Ebrahimi M, Minarik P, Bartha K. Microstructure evolution and mechanical behaviour of severely deformed pure titanium through multi directional forging. J Alloy Compd. 2019;776:83–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang ZX, Qu SJ, Feng AH, Hu X, Shen J. Microstructural mechanisms during multidirectional isothermal forging of as-cast Ti–6Al–4V alloy with an initial lamellar microstructure. J Alloy Compd. 2019;773:277–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Huo YM, Lin JG, Bai Q, Wang BY, Tang XF, Ji HC. Prediction of microstructure and ductile damage of a high-speed railway axle steel during cross wedge rolling. J Mater Process Technol. 2017;239:359–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang MT, Li XT, Du FS, Zheng YZ. A coupled thermal–mechanical and microstructural simulation of the cross wedge rolling process and experimental verification. Mater Sci Eng A. 2005;391:305–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang MT, Li XT, Du FS, Zheng YZ. Hot deformation of austenite and prediction of microstructure evolution of cross-wedge rolling. Mater Sci Eng A. 2004;379:133–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Li JL, Wang BY, Hang H, Fang S, Chen P, Shen JX. Unified modelling of the flow behaviour and softening mechanism of a TC6 titanium alloy during hot deformation. J Alloy Compd. 2018;748:1031–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li JL, Wang BY, Qi Y, Fang S, Huang X, Chen P. Investigating the effect of the process parameters on the cross wedge rolling of TC6 alloy based on the temperature and strain rate sensitivities. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2019;103:2563–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yang XM, Zhao ZL, Ning YQ, Guo HZ, Li H, Yuan SC, Xin SW. Microstructural evolution and mechanical property of isothermally forged BT25y titanium alloy with different double-annealing processes. Mater Sci Eng A. 2019;745:240–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Abbasi SM, Momeni A. Effect of hot working and post-deformation heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Trans Nonferr Met Soc. 2011;21:1728–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2019M660448) and was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-19-043A1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No.30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China

    Junling Li, Baoyu Wang & Ping Chen

  2. Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing, 100095, China

    Shuang Fang

Authors
  1. Junling Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Baoyu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shuang Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ping Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Junling Li.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, J., Wang, B., Fang, S. et al. Investigation of the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a TC6 alloy blade preform produced by cross wedge rolling. Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng 20, 70 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00078-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00078-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation