Abstract
Firms that operate at both levels of vertically related Cournot oligopolies will purchase some input supplies from independent rivals, even though they can produce the good at a lower cost, driving up input price for nonintegrated firms at the final good level. Foreclosure, which avoids this strategic behavior, yields better market performance than Cournot beliefs.
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Schrader, A., Martin, S. Vertical Market Participation. Review of Industrial Organization 13, 321–331 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007741508413
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007741508413