Abstract
Treatment of garlic cloves with tebuconazole (at 1 ml of Folicur 25% l−1) achieved a significant reduction in the rate of disease progress and the final incidence of plant death by Sclerotium cepivorum: garlic yields were improved. Although soil solarization provided the best control of garlic white rot, bringing soil populations of S. cepivorum to negligible levels, similar levels of disease control and garlic yields were achieved when tebuconazole was sprayed to stem bases of plants grown from cloves also treated with tebuconazole. This double treatment almost doubled the yield compared with untreated plants and significantly increased bulb quality under high disease pressure conditions. Soil solarization was also highly effective in a second consecutive crop of garlic, with significant improvements in yield and garlic quality. In contrast, lower levels of disease control were obtained when selected isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis were applied to the soil and cloves respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abd-El-Moity TH and Shatla MN (1981) Biological control of white rot disease of onion (Sclerotium cepivorum) by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 100: 29–35
Abd-El-Moity TH (1992) The use of Trichoderma spp. to control soil-borne pathogens in Egypt. In: Tjamos ES, Papavizas GC and Cook RJ (eds) Biological Control of Plant Diseases Progress and Challenges for the Future. NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences, Vol 230 (pp 255–258) Plenum Press, New York
Backhouse D and Stewart A (1989) Interactions between Bacillus species and sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21: 173–176
Basallote-Ureba MJ and Melero-Vara JM (1993) Control of garlic white rot by soil solarization. Crop Protection 12: 219–223
Basallote-Ureba MJ, Bejarano-Alcázar J, Blanco-López MA, Jiménez-Díaz RM and Melero-Vara JM (1994) La solarización del suelo: una estrategia para controlar enfermedades causadas por organismos de suelo y reducir las alternativas de cultivo. En: García-Baudín JM, Garrido-Vivas A and Jiménez-Díaz RM (eds) La Protecci´on Vegetal en España. Fuera de Serie No. 2 (pp 207–220) INIA, MAPA, Madrid, España
Basallote-Ureba MJ, Prados-Ligero AM and Melero-Vara JM (1995) Control of white rot of garlic by biological and physical methods. In: Whipps JM and Gerlagh T (eds) Biological Control of Sclerotium Forming Pathogens. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Vol. 18(3) (pp 102–105)
Bugaret Y, Sauris P and Marin H (1996) Pourriture blanche et rouille de l'ail. Phytoma 487: 45–47
Chet I (1987) Trichoderma: application, mode of action, and potential as a biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. In: Chet I (ed) Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control (pp 137–160) Wiley-Interscience, New York
Coley-Smith JR (1987) Alternative methods of controlling white rot disease of Allium. In: Chet I (ed) Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control (pp 161–177) Wiley-Interscience, New York
Coley-Smith JR and Parfitt D (1986) Some effects of diallyl disulphide on sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum: possible novel control method for white rot disease of onion. Pesticide Science 37: 587–594
Crowe F, Debons I, Redondo E, Darnell T, McGrath D, Laborde J, Koepsell P and Thornton M (1990) Use of synthetic stimulants of sclerotial germination as a method of inoculum management of the Allium white rot fungus. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Allium White Rot, June 1990 (pp 140–157), Neustadt-Weinstrasse, Germany
Crowe FJ, Hall DH, Greathead AS and Baghott KG (1980) Inoculum density of Sclerotium cepivorum and the incidence of white rot of onion and garlic. Phytopathology 70: 64–69
Cunha MG, Zambolim L, Vale FXR Do, Chaves GM and Alves H (1993) Evaluation of soil solarization using transparent, black or white polyethylene sheets for control of garlic white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum). Fitopatologia Brasileira 18: 199–205
Dennis JJC (1997) Progress towards an integrated control strategy for onion white root rot disease, including the use of artificial germination stimulants. 2nd International Symposium on edible Alliaceae, November 1997 (p 39) Adelaide, Australia
De Oliveira VL, De M Bellei M and Borges AC (1984) Control of white rot of garlic by antagonistic fungi under controlled environmental conditions. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 30: 884–889
Entwistle AR (1990a) Aerobic composting, solar heating or combined polythene mulch and dazomet treatment to eradicate Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia from infected plants. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Allium White Rot, June 1990 (pp 166–173), Neustadt-Weinstrasse, Germany
Entwistle AR (1990b) Allium white rot and its control. Soil use and management 6: 201–209
Entwistle AR and Hawling SL (1984) Changes in response of white rot to vinclozolin and iprodione. Rep. NVRS (p 67) Wellesbourne for 1983, UK
Fullerton RA, Stewart A and Slade EA (1995) Use of demethylation inhibiting fungicides (DMIs) for the control of onion white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 23: 121–125
Ghaffar A (1988) Biological control of sclerotial diseases. In: Mukerji KG and Garg KL (eds) Biocontrol of Plant Diseases, Vol 1 (pp 153–175) CRC Press, Boca Ratón, Florida
Jackson KJ, Duff AA and O'Donnell WE (1997) Tebuconazole (Folicur) shows potential in the control of white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) in garlic in subtropical Queensland, Australia. 2nd International Symposium on edible Alliaceae, November 1997 (p 42) Adelaide, Australia
Kay SJ and Stewart A (1994) Evaluation of fungal antagonists for control of onion white rot in soil box trials. Plant Pathology 43: 371–377
Pereira JCR, Chaves GM, Zambolim L, Matsouka K, Acuña RS and Vale FXR Do (1996) Control of Sclerotium cepivorum by the use of vermicompost, solarization, Trichoderma harzianum and B. subtilis. Summa Phytopathologica 22: 228–234
Pérez-Moreno L, Sánchez-Pale JR and Entwistle AR (1996) Effects of metham sodium, diallyl disulphide and thiocyanomethylbenzothiasol on Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia in the Bajio region of Mexico. Annals of applied Biology 128(suppl): 6–7
Porter IJ (1990) Improved methods of applying procymidone to control white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) of onions in Victoria, Australia. In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Allium White Rot, June 1990 (pp 108–114) Neustadt-Weinstrasse, Germany
Porter IJ and Merriman PR (1985) Evaluation of soil solarization for control of root diseases of row crops in Victoria. Plant Pathology 34: 108–118
Reddy MS, Rahe JE and Levesque CA (1992) Influence of onion seed bacterization on germination and mycosphere microflora of Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38: 1135–1143
Satour MM, Abdel-Rahim MF, El-Yamani T, Radwan A, Grinstein A, Rabinowitch HD and Katan J (1989) Soil solarization in onion fields in Egypt and Israel: short-and long-term effects. Acta Horticulturae 225: 151–159
Slawson DD, Coley-Smith JR and Whipps JM (1989) Control of onion white rot, 1986–87. Biological and Cultural Tests 4: 16
Utkhede RS and Rahe JE (1983a) Effect of Bacillus subtilis on growth and protection of onion against white rot. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 106: 199–203
Utkhede RS and Rahe JE (1983b) Interactions of antagonist and pathogen in biological control of onion white rot. Phytopathology 73: 890–893
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Melero-Vara, J., Prados-Ligero, A. & Basallote-Ureba, M. Comparison of Physical, Chemical and Biological Methods of Controlling Garlic White Rot. European Journal of Plant Pathology 106, 581–588 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008777706814
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008777706814