Skip to main content
Log in

Legal Responsibilities of Forensic Psychologists

  • Published:
Expert Evidence

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

This paper discusses the legal, ethical and professional issues encountered in forensic psychology. Psychological theory and research potentially have much to contribute to legal questions. The paper presents examples of psychology's contributions in the areas of risk assessment, the reliability of children's evidence and the assessment of sexual interest. Furthermore, it is suggested that psychological understanding of personality disorder should inform legal processes to a greater degree than at present. The paper therefore both describes and challenges the current relationship between psychology and the law.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Appelbaum, P. S. (1988) “The New Preventative Detention: Psychiatry's Problematic Responsibility for the Control of Violence”, American Journal of Psychiatry 145: 779–785.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Australian Psychological Society (1986) Code of Professional Conduct. Melbourne: Australian Psychological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartol, C. R. and Bartol, A. M. (1987) “History of Forensic Psychology”, in Weiner, I. B. and Hess, A. K. (eds.) Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, R. (1993) The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, Theory, Research and Practice. Chichester: JohnWiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, R. (1996) “What IsForensic Psychology?” Legal and Criminological Psychology 1: 3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blau, T. H. (1994) Psychological Services for Law Enforcement. Chichester: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowker, L. H. (1993) “A Battered Woman's Problems are Social, Not Psychological”, in Gelles, R. J. and Loseke, D. R. (eds.) Current Controversies in Family Violence. California: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • British Psychological Society (1991) Code of Conduct, Ethical Principles and Guidelines. Leicester: British Psychological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck, W. and Walklate, S. (1994) in Clark, N. and Stephenson, G. (eds.) Rights and Risks: Application of Forensic Psychology. Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology, No. 21, British Psychological Society.

  • Canter, D. (1995) “Psychology of Offender Profiling”, in Bull, R. and Carson, D. (eds.) Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts. Chichester: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, J. M. (1895) “Measurements of the Accuracy of Recollection”, Science 2: 761–766.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clifford, B. R. and Toplis, R. (1996) “A Comparison of Adults' and Children's Witnessing Abilities”, Investigative and Forensic Decision-making: Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology 26: 76–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtois, C. A. (1995) “Scientist-practitioners and the Delayed Memory Controversy”, The Counseling Psychologist 23: 294–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell, S. (1984) Murder into Manslaughter. Institute of Psychiatry Maudsley Monographs, 27. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dent, H. R. (1991) “Interviewing”, in Doris, J. (ed.) The Suggestibility of Children's Recollections. Washington: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, B. and Coid, J. (1993) Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Disorders: Treatment and Research Issues. London: Gaskell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, M. A. and Goodman, L. A. (1994) “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among Battered Women: Analysis of Legal Implications”, Behavioural Sciences and the Law 12: 215–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flin, R. and Spencer, J. R. (1995) “Annotation: Children as Witnesses-Legal and Psychological Perspectives”, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36: 171–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gudjonsson, G. (1992) The Psychology of Interrogations, Confessions and Testimony. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, J. (1993) “Dangerousness”, in Gunn, J. and Taylor, P. J. (eds.) Forensic Psychiatry: Clinical, Legal and Ethical Issues. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, A. K. (1987) “Dimensions of Forensic Psychology”, in Weiner I. B. and Hess, A. K. (eds.) Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heydon, J. (1984) Evidence. Cases and Materials. 2nd Ed. London: Butterworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollin, C. R. (1992) Criminal Behaviour: A Psychological Approach to Explanation and Prevention. London: The Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasian, M., Spanos, N. P., Terrance, C. A. and Peebles, S. (1993) “Battered Women Who Kill: Jury Simulation and Legal Defences”, Law and Human Behaviour 17(3): 289–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, I. and Grubb, A. (1989) Medical Law: Text and Materials. London: Butterworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Launay, G. (1994) “The Phallometric Assessment of Sex Offenders: Some Professional and Research Issues”, Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 4: 48–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litwack, T. R. and Schlesinger, L. B. (1987) “Assessing and Predicting Violence: Research, Law and Applications”, inWeiner, I. B. and Hess, A. K. (eds.) Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAnulty, R. D. and Adams, H. E. (1991) “Voluntary Control of Penile Tumescence: Effects of an Incentive and a Signal Detection Task”, The Journal of Sex Research 28: 557–577

    Google Scholar 

  • McGovern, K. (1991) “The Assessment of Sexual Offenders”, in Maletzky, B. M. (ed.) Treating the Sexual Offender. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, P. B., Andrews, D. A. and Quinsey, V. L. (1993) “Discriminant and Predictive Validity of Phallometrically Measured Sexual Age and Gender Preference”, Journal of Interpersonal Violence 8: 486–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maletzky, B. M. (1991) Treating the Sexual Offender. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. K. and McCall-Smith, R. A. (1994) Law and Medical Ethics. London: Butterworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Memon, A., Cronin, O., Eaves, R. and Bull, R. (1993) “The Cognitive Interview and Child Witnesses”, Children, Evidence and Procedure: Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology 20: 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millon, T. (1981) Disorders of Personality. Chichester: Wiley Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milner, J. S. and Campbell, J. C. (1995) “Prediction Issues for Practitioners” in Campbell, J. C. (ed.) Assessing Dangerousness: Violence by Sexual Offenders, Batterers, and Child Abusers. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monahan, J. (1981) The Clinical Prediction of Violent Behaviour. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, and Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monahan, J. and Steadman, H. J. (1994) “Toward a Rejuvenation of Risk Assessment Research”, in Monahan, J. and Steadman, H. J. (eds.) Violence and Mental Disorder: Development in Risk Assessment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. S. (1996) Risk Assessment: A Practitioner's Guide to Predicting Harmful Behaviour.London: Whiting and Birch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nietzel, M. T. and Dillehay, R. C. (1986) Psychological Consultation in the Courtroom. New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parry, G. and Richardson, A. (1996) NHS Psychotherapy Services in England: Review of Strategic Policy. London: NHS Executive.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, M. and Harris, N. (1990) Medical Negligence. London and Edinburgh: Butterworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinsey, V. L. and Earls, C. M. (1990) “The Modification of Sexual Preferences”, in Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R. and Barbaree, H. E. (eds), Handbook of Sexual Assault. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. v. Canons-ParkMHRT Ex-Parte A. (1994) All England Law Reports, pp. 659–685.

  • Reichlin, S. M., Bloom, J. D. and Williams, M. H. (1993) “Excluding Personality Disorders from the Insanity Defense-A Follow-up Study”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law 21: 1, 91-100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, P. (1996) “Will You Stand Up in Court? On the Admissibility of Psychiatric and Psychological Evidence”, Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 7: 63–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuller, R. A. (1994) “Applications of Battered Woman Syndrome in the Courtroom”, in Costanzo, M. and Oskamp, S. (eds.) Violence and the Law. Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology, Volume 7. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuller, R. A. and Vidmar, N. (1992) “Battered Woman Syndrome Evidence in the Courtroom: A Review of the Literature”, Law and Human Behaviour 16(3): 273–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, W. T. and Schouten, P. G. W. (1991) “Plethysmography in the Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Deviance: An Overview”, Archives of Sexual Behaviour 20: 75–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, J. R. and Flin, R. (1990) The Evidence of Children: The Law and the Psychology. London: Blackstone Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarasoffv. Regents of the University of California, 529 (1974) In California Reporter, Vol 129.

  • Tarasoffv. Regents of the University of California, 551 (1976) In California Reporter, Vol 14.

  • Thomas-Peter, B. A. and Howells, K. (1996a) “Professional and Ethical Challenges of Forensic Clinical Psychology”, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 3(1): 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas-Peter, B. A. and Howells, K. (1996b) “The Clinical Investigation and Formulation of Forensic Problems”, Australian Psychologist 31(1): 20–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, D. M. (1995) “Allegations of Childhood Abuse: Repressed Memories or False Memories”, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 2: 97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towl, G. J. and Crighton, D. A. (1996) The Handbook of Psychology for Forensic Practitioners. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrer, P. and Stein, G. (eds) (1993) Personality Disorder Reviewed. London: Gaskill: Royal College of Psychiatrists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. E. A. (1992) “Battered Woman Syndrome in Self-defence”, Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy 6: 321–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. E. A. (1993) “The Battered Woman Syndrome is a Psychological Consequence of Abuse”, in Gellis, R. J. and Loseke, D. R. (eds.) Current Controversies in Family Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziskin, J. (1981) Coping with Psychiatric and Psychological Testimony (3rd ed). Venice, CA: Law and Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Thomas-Peter, B.A., Warren, S. Legal Responsibilities of Forensic Psychologists. Expert Evidence 6, 79–106 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008871314661

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008871314661

Keywords

Navigation