Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bergmann's Principle and Deep-Water Gigantism in Marine Crustaceans

  • Published:
Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present a review of the Bergmann's principle and deep-water gigantism in marine crustaceans. An increase in the geographic latitude and depth of crustaceans habitat (correlating mainly with lower temperatures) leads to an increased cell size, life span of the animal, and, as a result, an increase in the body size. Since Bergmann's principle and deep-water gigantism appear to be based on the same biological mechanisms, we propose a unified principle, according to which the size of the crustacean's body increases along the temperature gradient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Belyaev, G.M., Glubokovodnye okeanicheskie zheloba i ikh fauna (Abyssal Oceanic Troughs and Their Fauna), Moscow: Nauka, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, C., Uber die Verhaltnisse der Warmeokonomie der Tiere zu ihrer Grosse, Gottingen Studien 1847, Gottingen, 1848, p. 595.

  • Birshtein, Ya.A., Glubokovodnye ravnonogie rakoobraznye severo-zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo Okeana (Abyssal Isopod Crustaceans of the North-Western Pacific Ocean), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birshtein, Ya.A. and Chindonova, Yu.G., Abyssal Mysids of the North-Western Pacific Ocean, Trudy Inst. Okeanologii, Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1958, vol. 27, p. 258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogorov, V.G., Plankton mirovogo okeana (Plankton of the World Ocean), Moscow: Nauka, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinton, E., A New Abyssal Euphausiid, Thysanopoda minyops, with Comparisons of Eye Size, Photophores, and Associated Structures among Deep-Living Species, J. Crustac. Biol., 1987, vol. 7, p. 636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodskii, K.A., Vyshkvartseva, N.V., Kos, M.S., and Markhaseva, E.L., Veslonogie rakoobraznye (Copepoda, Calanoida) morei SSSR i sopredel'nykh vod (Copepods Copepoda and Calanoida of USSR Seas and Adjacent Water Bodies), Leningrad: Nauka, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broyer, De C., Analysis of the Gigantism and Dwarfness of Antarctic and Subantarctic Gammaridean Amphipoda, Adaptations within Antarctic Ecosystems, Washington: Smith. Inst., 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burukovskii, R.N., Shrimps of Underwater Hills Sala-i-Gomes and Naska, Plankton and Benthos of Underwater Hills Naska and Sala-i-Gomes, Moscow: Nauka, 1990, p. 187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casanova, J.-P., Nouvelles formulations des regles ecologiques connues sous le nom de regle de Bergmann et loi de Jordan, J. Plankton Res., 1981, vol. 3, p. 509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernov, Yu.I., Zhizn’ tundry (Life of the Tundra), Moscow: Mysl', 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassler, R.R. and Wilson, J.D., Origin and Biogeography of Abyssal Higher Crustaceans, Biosfera: evolyutsiya, prostranstvo, vremya. Biogeograficheskie ocherki (Biosphere: Evolution, Space, Time. Biogeographical Essays), Moscow: Progress, 1988, p. 197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivleva, I.V., Temperatura sredy i skorost' energeticheskogo obmena u vodnykh zhivotnykh (Environmental Temperature and the Rate of Energy Metabolism in Aquatic Animals), Kiev: Nauk. Dumka, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanin, M.A. and Dorfman, N.L., Mathematical Modelling of Energy Metabolism of Homoiothermal Animals and Their Structural-Functional Parameters Established by Natural Selection, Mathematical Biology and Medicine, Moscow: VINITI, 1978, vol. 1, p. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, M.G., Distribution and Ecology of Deep-Water Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Natantia) Near Tropical Pacific Islands, Bull. Mar. Biol., 1987, vol. 41, p. 192.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, M.G. and Butler, A.J., Relationship of Life-History to Depth in Deep-Water Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Natantia), Mar. Biol., 1985, vol. 86, p. 129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koszteyn, J., Timofeev, S., Weslawski, J.M., and Malinga, B., Size Structure of Themisto abyssorum Boeck and Themisto libellula (Mandt) Populations in European Arctic Seas, Polar Biol., 1995, vol. 15, p. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuznetsov, A.P., The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Marine Organisms, Oceanology. Biology of the Ocean. Biological Structure of the Ocean, Moscow: Nauka, 1977, vol. 1, p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuznetsov, A.P., Deep-Water Fauna: Bases of Adaptation to Deep-Water Mode of Life. A History of Formation, in Adaptatsiya organizmov k glubokovodnomu obrazu zhizni (Adaptation of Organisms to Deep-Water Mode of Life), Moscow: Nauka, 1989, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Barbera, M., The Evolution and Ecology of Body Size, Patterns and Processes in the History of Life, Berlin: Springer, 1986, p. 69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukin, E.I., Darvinizm i geograficheskie zakonomernosti v izmenenii organizmov (Darwinism and Geographic Trends in Variation of Organisms), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauchline, J., The Biology of Mysids and Euphausiids, Adv. Mar. Biol., 1980, vol. 18, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauchline, J., Growth and Production of Euphausiacea (Crustacea) in the Rockall Trough, Mar. Biol., 1985, vol. 90, p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauchline, J., Growth and Breeding of Meso-and Bathypelagic Organisms of the Rockall Trough, Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Evidence of Seasonality, Mar. Biol., 1988, vol. 98, p. 387.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, I.A. and Marcogliese, D.J., Similar Nucleus Numbers among Copepods, Can. J. Zool., 1983, vol. 61, p. 721.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, I.A., Sevigny, J.-M., and Corkett, C.J., Body Size, Development Rates and Genome Size among Calanus Species, Hydrobiologia, 1988, vol. 167-168, p. 275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menshutkina, T.V., Shrimps (Macrura) of the Laptev Sea, Novosibirsk Shoal and Adjacent Water Bodies, Ekosistemy Novosibirskogo melkovod'ya i fauna morya Laptevykh i sopredel'nykh vod (Ecosystems of the Novosibirsk Shoal and Fauna of the Laptev Sea and Adjacent Water Bodies), Leningrad: Nauka, 1990, p. 344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mina, M.V. and Klevezal', G.A., Rost zhivotnykh. Analiz na urovne organizma (Growth of Animals. Analysis at the Level of Organism), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto, T., Net Sampling and Abundance Assessment of Euphausiids, Biol. Oceanogr., 1983, vol. 2, p. 211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavshtiks, E.A., Biological Seasons and Duration of Life Span of Calanus hyperboreus Kroyer in Central Arctic, Priroda i khozyaistvo Severa (Nature and Economy of the North), Murmansk: Kn. Izd., 1976, no. 4, p. 121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petryashev, V.V., Mysid Fauna (Crustacea: Mysidacea) of the Laptev Sea and Novosibirsk Shoal, Ekosistemy Novosibirskogo melkovod'ya i fauna morya Laptevykh i sopredel'nykh vod (Ecosystems of Novosibirsk Shoal and Fauna of the Laptev Sea and Adjacent Waters), Leningrad: Nauka, 1990, p. 187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rass, T.S., The Size of Eggs in Poikilotherm Animals at Different Latitudes, Morfologicheskie issledovaniya zhivotnykh ( Morphological Studies of Animals), Moscow: Nauka, 1985, p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rass, T.S., Biogeographical Rule of Reciprocal Relationship between Egg Size of Poikilotherm Animals and Environmental Temperature, Trudy Inst. Okeanol. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1986, vol. 116, p. 152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reaka, M.L., Biogeographic Patterns of Body Size in Stomatopod Crustacea: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences, Crustaceana Issues, 1986, vol. 4, p. 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slagstad, D. and Tande, K.S., Growth and Production Dynamics of Calanus glacialis in an Arctic Pelagic Food Web, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 1990, vol. 63, p. 189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slonim, A.D., Morphological Adaptations to Heat and Cold, in Rukovodstvo po fiziologii. Ekologicheskaya fiziologiya zhivotnykh. Ch. 3. Fiziologiya zhivotnykh v razlichnykh fizikogeograficheskikh zonakh ( Handbook on Physiology. Ecological Physiology of Animals, Part 3: Physiology of Animals in Different Physical-Geographic Zones), Leningrad: Nauka, 1982, p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokolova, M.N., About Size Structure of Echiurs and Isopods at Different Forms of Relief Beyond the Continental Shelf, Sostav i raspredelenie donnykh bespozvonochnykh v moryakh Rossii i prilegayushchikh akvatoriyakh (Composition and Distribution of Benthic Invertebrates in the Seas of Russia and Adjacent Aquatoria), Moscow: Inst. Okeanol. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1997, p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaargaren, D.H., Shape and Hydrodynamic Properties in Relation to Size in Marine Macro-Crustacea, Crustaceana, 1999, vol. 72, p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sushchenya, L.M., Intensivnost’ dykhaniya rakoobraznykh (Intensity of Respiration of Crustaceans), Kiev: Nauk. Dumka, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timofeev, S.F., Concerning the Fauna of Mysids of the Kara Sea, Zool. Zh., 1985, vol. 64, no. 11, p. 1739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timofeev, S.F., Makroplankton verkhnego 50-metrovogo sloya Norvezhskogo morya v marte-aprele 1989 goda (Macroplankton of the Upper 50-m Layer of the Norwegian Sea in March-April), Available from VINITI, 1990, no. 5272-B90.

  • Timofeev, S.F., Phylogenetic Changes of Body Length in Euphausiacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Eucarida), Zool. Zh., 1992, vol. 71, no. 12, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseitlin, V.B., About the Relationships between Vertical Distribution and Size of Pelagic Planktophages, Okeanologiya, 1976, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseitlin, V.B., About Factors Responsible for Changes of Size of Pelagic Zooplanktophages as a Function of Depth, Okeanologiya, 1977, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseitlin, V.B., Energetika glubokovodnykh soobshchestv (Energetics of Deep-Water Communities), Moscow: Nauka, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Voorhies, W.A., Bergmann Size Clines: A Simple Explanation for Their Occurrence in Ectotherms, Evolution, 1996, vol. 50, p. 1259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, G.M., Probable Pathways of Populating of Marine Pelagia by Amphipods-Hammarids: Analysis of Life Forms, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1992, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, M.E., Vertikal'noe raspredelenie okeanicheskogo zooplanktona (Vertical Distribution of Oceanic Zooplankton), Moscow: Nauka, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, M.E., Volkov, A.F., and Semenova, T.N., Amphipoda, Hyperiiea mirovogo okeana (Amphipods-Hyperiids (Amphipoda, Hyperiidea) of the World Ocean), Leningrad: Nauka, 1982.

  • Vinogradov, M.E., Mileikovskii, S.A., Rass, T.S., et al., L.A. Zenkevich and V.G. Bogorov-Authors of the Concept about the Biological Structure of the Ocean, Okeanologiya, 1973, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, T., The Systematics and Biology of Bathyal and Abyssal Isopoda Asellota, Galathea Rep., 1962, vol. 6, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zharkova, I.S., Changes in the Size and Number of Cells As a Function of Increased Body Size in Abyssal Animals by the Example of Isopods, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1968, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zenkevich, L.A., Biological Structure of the Ocean, Zool. Zh., 1948, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zenkevich, L.A. and Bogorov, V.G., Biological Structure of the Ocean, Ekologiya vodnykh organizmov (Ecology of Aquatic Organisms), Moscow: Nauka, 1966, p. 3

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vladimirskaya 17, Murmansk, 183010, Russia

    S. F. Timofeev

Authors
  1. S. F. Timofeev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Timofeev, S.F. Bergmann's Principle and Deep-Water Gigantism in Marine Crustaceans. Biology Bulletin 28, 646–650 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012336823275

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012336823275

Keywords

Search

Navigation