Abstract
In order to explore the effect of molecular structure on the crystallization and polymorphic behavior of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene (β-iPP), four commercial iPP samples with different average isotacticities, molecular weights and isotactic distributions were used. The relationship between the molecular structure characteristics and β-crystallization behavior were investigated by means of xylene solvent fractionation (XS), successive self-nucleation and annealing fractionation (SSA), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (13C NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), melt index (MI) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results of molecular structure characterization revealed that their isotacticity can be ranged as F401 > 5014L > F03G ≈ T38F, while the order of their isotactic distribution width is 5014L ≈ T38F > F401 ≈ F03G. Results of crystallization kinetics revealed that the molecular weight of the samples has little effect on their crystallization and polymorphic behavior. Meanwhile, crystallization activation energy Ec can be ranged as 5014L < F401 < F03G < T38F, indicating that when the molecular weight was above a certain degree, the isotacticity is the main factor affecting the crystallization ability of β-type iPP (β-iPP). The higher the isotacticity and the wider the distribution is, the stronger the β-crystallization ability is. Moreover, the β-crystallization ability of the samples is closely related to the isotacticity of the sample, which can be effectively controlled by tuning the fraction of high isotacticity with high molecular weight components.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
M. Du, B. Guo, J. Wan, Q. Zou and D. Jia, J. Polym. Res. 17, 109 (2010).
Á. Kmetty, T. Bárány, and J. Karger-Kocsis, Prog. Polym. Sci. 35, 1288 (2010).
J. Kang, J. Chen, Y. Cao, and H. Li, Polymer 51, 249 (2010).
B. Xiong, R. Chen, F. Zeng, J. Kang, and Y. Men, J. Membr. Sci. 545, 213 (2018).
Y. Yu, B. Xiong, F. Zeng, R. Xu, F. Yang, J. Kang, M. Xiang, L. Li, X. Sheng, and Z. Hao, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57, 17142 (2018).
F. Zeng, R. Xu, L. Ye, B. Xiong, J. Kang, M. Xiang, L. Li, X. Sheng, and Z. Hao, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 2217 (2019).
J. Kang, D. Chen, B. Xiong, N. Zheng, F. Yang, M. Xiang, and Z. Zheng, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 23135 (2019).
X. Jiang, Y. Fang, Y. Yu, J. Kang, Y. Cao, M. Xiang, L. Li, X. Sheng, and Z. Hao, ACS Omega 4, 3020 (2019).
G. Natta and P. Corradini, Nuovo Cimento 15, 40 (1960).
J. Kang, F. Yang, T. Wu, H. Li, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, Eur. Polym. J. 48, 425 (2012).
G. Natta and P. Corradini, Nuovo Cimento 15, 40 (1960).
G. Natta, P. Pino, P. Corradini, F. Danusso, E. Mantica, G. Mazzanti, and G. Moraglio, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 1708 (1955).
J. Karger-Kocsis, S. D. Wanjale, T. Abraham, T. Bárány, and A. A. Apostolov, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 115, 684 (2010).
J. Kang, F. Yang, J. Chen, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, Polym. Bull. 74, 1461 (2017).
Z. Qiyan, P. Hongmei, K. Jian, C. Ya, and X. Ming, Polym. Eng. Sci. 57, 989 (2017).
Y. Yansong, Z. Fangxinyu, C. Jinyao, K. Jian, Y. Feng, C. Ya, and X. Ming, Polym. Compos. 40, E440 (2018).
C. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, D. Ding, X. Yan, G. Zheng, K. Dai, C. Liu, and Z. Guo, Polymer 60, 40 (2015).
Y. Qin, Y. Xu, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, X. Yan, K. Dai, C. Liu, C. Shen, and Z. Guo, Polymer 100, 111 (2016).
B. Lotz, J. C. Wittmann, and A. J. Lovinger, Polymer 37, 4979 (1996).
S. Brückner, P. J. Phillips, K. Mezghani, and S. V. Meille, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 18, 1 (1997).
I. Hosier, R. Alamo, P. Esteso, J. Isasi, and L. Mandelkern, Macromolecules 36, 5623 (2003).
S. Wang and D. Yang, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 42, 4320 (2004).
Z. Chen, B. Wang, J. Kang, H. Peng, J. Chen, F. Yang, Y. Cao, H. Li, M. Xiang, and Z. Chen, Polym. Adv. Technol. 25, 353 (2014).
H. D. Keith, F. J. Padden, N. M. Walter, and H. W. J. Wyckoff, J. Appl. Phys. 30, 1485 (1959).
J. Varga, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Phys. 41, 1121 (2002).
J. Varga and A. Menyhárd, Macromolecules 40, 2422 (2007).
A. J. Lovinger, J. O. Chua, and C. C. Gryte, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 15, 641 (1977).
J. Kang, G. Weng, Z. Chen, J. Chen, Y. Cao, F. Yang, and M. Xiang, RSC Adv. 56, 29514 (2014).
B. Wang, Z. Chen, J. Kang, F. Yang, J. Chen, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, Thermochim. Acta 604, 67 (2015).
Q. Zhang, Z. Chen, B. Wang, J. Chen, F. Yang, J. Kang, Y. Cao, M. Xiang, and H. Li, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 132, 41355 (2015).
L. Zhang, Y. Qin, G. Zheng, K. Dai, C. Liu, X. Yan, J. Guo, C. Shen, and Z. Guo, Polymer 90, 18 (2016).
Z. Liu, X. Liu, G. Zheng, K. Dai, C. Liu, C. Shen, R. Yin, and Z. Guo, Polym. Test. 58, 227 (2017).
L. Xu, K. Xu, X. Zhang, F. Liu, and M. Chen, Polym. Adv. Technol. 21, 807 (2010).
J. Varga, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Phys. 41, 1121 (2002).
Z. Horvath, I. E. Sajo, K. Stoll, A. Menyhard, and J. Varga, eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 4, 101 (2010).
Y. Yu, R. Xu, J. Chen, J. Kang, M. Xiang, Y. Li, L. Li, and X. Sheng, RSC Adv. 9, 19630 (2019).
Y. F. Zhang, P. Z. Zhou, and Y. Li, Polym. Adv. Technol. 60, 81 (2018).
F. Luo, K. Wang, N. Ning, C. Geng, H. Deng, F. Chen, Q. Fu, Y. Qian, and D. Zheng, Polym. Adv. Technol. 22, 2044 (2011).
K. Jian, Z. Chen, J. Chen, Y. Feng, G. Weng, Y. Cao, and X. Ming, Thermochim. Acta 599, 42 (2015).
A. Marigo, C. Marega, V. Causin, and P. Ferrari, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 91, 1008 (2010).
R. Paukkeri and A. Lehtinen, Polymer 34, 4075 (1993).
X. Sun, H. Li, X. Zhang, D. Wang, J. M. Schultz, and S. Yan, Macromolecules 43, 561 (2010).
A. J. Müller and M. L. Arnal, Prog. Polym. Sci. 30, 559 (2005).
A. J. Müller, A. T. Lorenzo, and M. L. Arnal, Macromol. Symp. 277, 207 (2009).
A. J. Müller, R. M. Michell, R. A. Pérez, and A. T. Lorenzo, Eur. Polym. J. 65, 132 (2015).
Z. Chen, W. Kang, J. Kang, J. Chen, F. Yang, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, Polym. Bull. 72, 3283 (2015).
Y. Yu, F. Zeng, J. Chen, J. Kang, F. Yang, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 136, 1667 (2018).
J. Wang, R. Xu, F. Yang, J. Kang, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, J. Membr. Sci. 556, 374 (2018).
R. Xu, J. Wang, D. Chen, T. Liu, Z. Zheng, F. Yang, J. Chen, J. Kang, Y. Cao, and M. Xiang, J. Membr. Sci. 595, 117472 (2020).
V. Busico and R. Cipullo, Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 443 (2001).
V. Busico, R. Cipullo, G. Monaco, G. Talarico, M. Vacatello, J. C. Chadwick, A. L. Segre, and O. Sudmeijer, Macromolecules. 32, 4173 (1999).
S. Anantawaraskul, J. B. P. Soares, and P. M. Wood-Adams, Polym. Anal. Polym. Theory 2005, 686 (2005).
B. Monrabal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 52, 491 (1994).
J. B. P. Soares and A. E. Hamielec, Polymer 36, 1639 (1995).
L. Wild and C. Blatz, New Advances in Polyolefins (Springer, New York, 1993).
B. Monrabal, Macromol. Symp. 110, 81 (1996).
J. B. P. Soares and S. Anantawaraskul, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 43, 1557 (2005).
B. Monrabal, L. Romero, N. Mayo, and J. Sancho-Tello, Macromol. Symp. 282, 14 (2010).
B. Monrabal, J. Sancho-Tello, N. Mayo, and L. Romero, Macromol. Symp. 257, 71 (2007).
B. Fillon, B. Lotz, A. Thierry and J. C. Wittmann, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 31, 1395 (1993).
B. Fillon, A. Thierry, J. C. Wittmann, and B. Lotz, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 31, 1407 (1993).
B. Fillon, J. C. Wittmann, B. Lotz, A. Thierry, B. Fillon, J. C. Wittmann, B. Lotz, and A. Thierry, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 31(10), 1383 (1993).
U. W. Gedde, Polymer Physics (Chapman and Hall, London, 1995), p. 144.
E. B. Bond, J. E. Spruiell, and J. S. Lin, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 37, 3050 (1999).
M. Iijima and G. Strobl, Macromolecules 33, 5204 (2000).
A. Wlochowitcz and M. Eder, Polymer. 25, 1268 (1984).
H. E. Kissinger, Anal Chem. 29, 1702 (1957).
R. L. Blaine and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim. Acta 540, 1 (2012).
A. Turner-Jones, J. M. Aizlewood, and D. R. Beckett, Makromol Chem. 75, 136 (1964).
J. X. Li, W. L. Cheung, and J. Demin, Polymer 40, 1219 (1999).
Funding
We gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 51503134, 51721091), the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Grant no. SKLPME 2017-3-02) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weijiao Jiang, Song, Y., Song, X. et al. Influences of Molecular Structure on the Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of β-Nucleated Isotactic Polypropylene. Polym. Sci. Ser. A 62, 616–629 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X20330032
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X20330032