Abstract
In the present study, ninety-four macro fungi isolates were screened for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A degradation potential by their culture filtrates. Decreasing toxin amounts were determined by a semi-quantitative HPTLC method. The degradation capacity of the selected ten macrofungi isolates for each toxin was confirmed additionally by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The most successful isolates were determined as Lentinus strigosus OBCC 5004 and Agaricus campestris OBCC 5048 for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A degradation, respectively. Both of these species were reported as a first time for their mycotoxin degradation. The determined aflatoxin B1 degradation rates of Lentinus strigosus with HPTLC and HPLC were 66.70 and 67.00%, respectively. On the other hand, the ochratoxin A degradation rates of Agaricus campestris were recorded as 63.20 and 56%, for both methods, respectively. Toxicity evaluation of non-degraded and degraded aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A was performed by using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay, where 20.00 and 60.00% detoxification rates were observed for degraded AFB1 and OTA.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Aiko, V., Edamana, P., and Mehta, A., Decomposition and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by lactic acid, J. Sci. Food Agricult., 2016, vol. 96, pp. 1959–1966.
Alberts, J.F., Gelderblom, W.C., Botha, A., and Van Zyl, W.H., Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by fungal laccase enzymes, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2009, vol. 30, pp. 47–52.
Baek, J.H., So, K.K., Ko, Y.H., Kim, J.M., and Kim, D.H., Mycoflora and enzymatic characterization of fungal isolates in commercial meju, starter for a Korean traditional fermented soybean product, Mycobiology, 2014, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 291–295.
Bennett, J. W. and Klich, M., Mycotoxins, Am. Soc. Microbiol., 2003, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 497–516.
Chen, W., Chen, L., Zhang, B., Zhou, Z., Shen, Y., Liao, X., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, X., Li, Y., and Shen, X. L., Advances in biodetoxification of ochratoxin A—a review of the past five decades, Front. Microbiol., 2018, vol. 9, p. 1386.
Chitrangada, D. and Mishra, H.N., In vitro degradation of aflatoxin B1 by horseradish peroxidase, Food Chem., 2000, vol. 68, pp. 309–313.
Ciegler, A., Lillehoj, E.B., Peterson, R.E., and Hall, H.H., Microbial detoxification of aflatoxin, Appl. Microbiol., 1966, vol. 14, no. 6, p. 934.
Cole, R.J. and Kirksey, J.W., Aflatoxin G1 metabolism by Rhizopus species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1971, vol. 19, no. 2, p. 222.
Farzaneh, M., Shi, Z., Ghassempour, A., Sedaghat, N., Ahmadzadeh, M., and Mirabolfathy, M., Aflatoxin B1 degradation by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1 isolated from pistachio nuts of Iran, Food Control, 2012, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 100–106.
Fouler, S.G., Trivedi, A.B., and Kitabatake, N., Detoxification of citrinin and ochratoxin A by hydrogen peroxide, AOAC, 1994, vol. 77, pp. 631–637.
Guan, S., Ji, C., Zhou, T., Li, J., Ma, Q., and Niu, T., Aflatoxin B1 degradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and other microbes selected using coumarin medium, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2008, vol. 9, pp. 1489–1503.
Harwig, J. and Scott, P., Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) larvae as a screening system for fungal toxins, Appl. Microbiol., 1971, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1011–1016.
Karlovsky, P., Suman, M., Berthiller, F., De Meester, J., Eisenbrand, G., Perrin, I., Oswald, I. P., Speijers, G., Chiodini, A., Recker, T., and Dussort, P., Impact of food processing and detoxification treatments on mycotoxin contamination, Mycotoxin Res., 2016, vol. 32, pp. 179–205.
Lin, L., Zhang, J., Wang, P., Wang, Y., and Chen, J., Thin-layer chromatography of mycotoxins and comparison with other chromatographic methods, J. Chromatogr. A, 1998, vol. 815, no. 1, pp. 3–20.
Liu, D.L., Yao, D.S., Liang, Y.Q., Zhou, T.H., Song, Y.P., Zhao, L., and Ma, L., Production, purification, and characterization of an intracellular aflatoxin-detoxifizyme from Armillaria tabescens (E-20), Food Chem. Toxicol., 2001, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 461–466.
Loi, M., Fanelli, F., Zucca, P., Liuzzi, V. C., Quintieri, L., Cimmarusti, M.T., Monaci, L., Haidukowski, M., Logrieco, A.F., Sanjust, E., and Mulè, G., Aflatoxin B1 and M1 degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and redox mediators, Toxins, 2016, vol. 8, pp. 245–260.
Maeba, H., Takamoto, Y., Kamimura, M.I., and Miura, T.O., Destruction and detoxification of aflatoxins with ozone, J. Food Sci., 1988, vol. 53, pp. 667–668.
Motomura, M., Toyomasu, T., Mizuno, K., Shinozawa, K., Purification and characterization of an aflatoxin degradation enzyme from Pleurotus ostreatus, Microbiol. Res., 2003, vol. 158, pp. 237–242.
Müller, H.M., Entgiftung von Mykotoxinen: II. Chemische Verfahren und Reaktion mit Inhaltsstoffen von futtermitteln, Übersirchten zur Tierernährung, 1983, vol. 11, pp. 47–80.
Park, L.D., Lee, L.S., Price, R.L., and Pohland, A.E., Review of the decontamination of aflatoxins by ammoniation: current status and regulation, J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chem., 1998, vol. 71, pp. 685–703.
Peng, Z., Chen, L., Zhu, Y., Huang, Y., Hu, X., Wu, Q., Nüsslerd, A. K., Liu, L., and Yang, W., Current major degradation methods for aflatoxins: a review, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 80, pp. 155–166.
Petchkongkaew, A., Taillandier, P., Gasaluck, P., and Lebrihi, A., Isolation of Bacillus spp., from thai fermented soybean (Thua-nao): screening for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A detoxification, J. Appl. Microbiol., 2008, vol. 104, pp. 1495–1502.
Pointing, S.B., Feasibility of bioremediation by white-rot fungi, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2001, vol. 57, pp. 20–33.
Sangare, L., Zhao, Y., Folly, Y.M.E., Chang, J., Li, J., and Selvaraj, J.N., Aflatoxin B1 degradation by a Pseudomonas strain, Toxins, 2014, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 3028–3040.
Schatzmayr, G., Heidler, D., Fuchs, E., Nitsch, S., Mohnl, M., Täubel, M., Loibner, A.P., Braun, R., and Binder, E.M., Investigation of different yeast strains for the detoxification of ochratoxin, in 25th Mykotoxin Workshop in Giessen, Germany, May 19–21, 2003.
Shantha, T., Fungal degradation of aflatoxin B1, Nat. Toxins, 1999, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 175–178.
Stander, M.A., Bornscheuer, U.T., Henke, E., and Steyn, P.S., Screening of commercial hydrolases for the degradation of ochratoxin A, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 5736–5739.
Taheur, F.B.B., Al Qurashi, Y.M.A., Salah-Abbès, J.B., and Chaieb, K., Review: biotechnology of mycotoxins detoxification using microorganisms and enzymes, Toxicon, 2019, vol. 160, pp. 12–22.
The European Union Commission (EC) 2006: Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p. 5).
Turner, N. W., Bramhmbhatt, H., Szabo-Vezse, M., Poma, A., Coker, R., and Piletsky, S.A., Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: an update (2009–2014), Anal. Chim. Acta, 2015, vol. 901, pp. 12–33.
Vanhoutte, I., Audenaert, K., and De Gelder, L., Biodegradation of mycotoxins: tales from known and unexplored worlds, Front. Microbiol., 2016, vol. 7, no. 561.
Var, I., Kabak, B., and Özkarslı, M., Mikotoksin aranmasında kullanılan analiz yöntemleri, Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 2004, vol. 02, no. 11 pp. 1–11.
Varga, J., Péter, Z., Tábori, K., Téren, J., and Vágvolgyi, C., Degradation of ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins by Rhizopus isolates, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2005, vol. 99, pp. 321–328.
Villers, P., Food safety and aflatoxin control, J. Food Res., 2017, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1–12.
Wang, J., Ogata, M., Hirai, H., and Kawagishi, H., Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2011, vol. 314, no. 2, pp. 164–169.
Wang, Y., Wang, L., Liu, F., Wang, Q., Selvaraj, J. N., Xing, F., Zhao, Y., and Liu, Y., Ochratoxin A producing fungi, biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanisms, Toxins, 2016, vol. 8, no. 83.
Wu, F., Measuring the economic impacts of Fusarium toxins in animal feed, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 2007, vol. 137, pp. 363–374.
Wu, Q., Jezkova, A., Yuan, Z., Pavlikova, L., Dohnal, V., and Kuca, K., Biological degradation of aflatoxins, Drug Metab. Rev., 2009, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
Zhang, W., Xue, B., Li, M., Mu, Y., Chen, Z., and Li, J., Screening a strain of Aspergillus niger and optimization of fermentation conditions for degradation of aflatoxin B1, Toxins, 2014, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 3157–3172.
Zhang, X., Li, Y., Wang, H., Gu, X., Zheng, X., Wang, Y., Diao, J., Peng, Y., and Zhang, H., Screening and identification of novel ochratoxin A-producing fungi from grapes, Toxins, 2016, vol. 12, pp. 8–11.
Zhao, L.H., Guan, S., Gao, X., Ma, Q.G., Lei, Y.P., Bai, X.M., and Ji, C., Preparation, purification and characteristics of an aflatoxin degradation enzyme from Myxococcus fulvus, J. Appl. Microbiol., 2011, vol. 110, pp. 147–155.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tuncay Söylemez, Mustafa Yamaç Screening of Macrofungi Isolates for Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A Degradation. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 48, 122–129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359021020126
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359021020126