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Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Soils under Different Farming Systems. The Cacao Plantation in Sulawesi Island—Indonesia

  • SOIL BIOLOGY
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Abstract—

The cacao plantations in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia are responsible for a great part of the local economy; however, their soils still need to be deeply explored. Our study focused on evaluation of the microbial communities in cacao soils according to their location and applied management system. Four soil samples were taken from six cacao farms under two kinds of systems (conventional and organic). 16S and ITS rDNA amplicon sequencing analyses of soils were also performed to identify bacteria and fungi, respectively, whereby their relative abundance and diversity were determined. In general view, the bacterial and fungal communities were affected by management system at the local and general levels. Bacterial analyses indicated that the number of operational taxonomic units and bacterial diversity were higher under the organic system in Kulawi, Palolo, and Poso farms. The composition and biodiversity of fungi were clearly different between organic and conventional systems and between different places (coastal and inland). The effect of agricultural management was observed in each location individually and in general.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank the cacao farmers in Sulawesi, Indonesia, for allowing us to sample in their areas. We would also like to thank the students at Tadulako University who assisted us with sampling and analysis. Finally, we are thankful to Dr. Geleta Dugassa Markaof Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Brasil, for the constructive comments of this manuscript. This project was supported by the bilateral cooperation program between JSPS (Japan) and DHGE (Indonesia), and another grant of International collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia

    I. N. Suwastika & N. A. Pakawaru

  2. Kyoto Prefectural University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto, Japan

    A. F. Cruz, Y. Ishizaki & T. Shiina

  3. Faculty of Forestery, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia

    W. Wijayanti &  Muslimin

  4. Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia

    Z. Basri

  5. Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Division of Information Science, Nara, Japan

    T. Tanaka, N. Ono & S. Kanaya

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  1. I. N. Suwastika
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Correspondence to A. F. Cruz.

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Supplementary materials are available for this at doi: 10.1134/S1064229319100144 and are accessible for authorized users.

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Suwastika, I.N., Cruz, A.F., Pakawaru, N.A. et al. Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Soils under Different Farming Systems. The Cacao Plantation in Sulawesi Island—Indonesia. Eurasian Soil Sc. 52, 1234–1243 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229319100144

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