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A New Solid Solution with Garnet Structure: Berzeliite–Schäferite Isomorphic Series from the Fumarole Exhalation of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka

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Abstract

An extended isostructural solid solution (isomorphic series) between arsenate and vanadate of the garnet supergroup — berzeliite (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 and schäferite (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 — was studied for the first time. The studied material is from sublimates of the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka. These minerals here form aggregates of yellow or orange transparent crystals (up to 1 mm in size). Anhydrite, forsterite, diopside, andradite, hayuin, potassium–sodium feldspars, hematite, magnesioferrite, spinel, barite, aphtitalite-like sulfates, minerals of the powellite–scheelite series, ludwigite, calcium chillerite, paraberzeliite, members of the series rhabdoborite–(V)–rhabdoborite–(W)–rhabdoborite–(Mo), apatite–swabite–pliniusite, tilasite–isokite, udinaite–arsenudinaite, and wagnerite–arsenovagnerite associate with the studied minerals. They were formed under the oxidizing conditions at temperatures not lower than 550°С. The composition of the tetrahedrally coordinated components in the schäferite–berzeliite isomorphic series in the Arsenatnaya fumarole continuously varies from (V2.54As0.48P0.04Si0.01) to (As2.77V0.22Si0.03P0.01). The XCa2+ + ZSi4+ = XNa+ + Z5+ heterovalent isomorphism scheme plays a subordinate role. The crystal structures of three samples (space group Ia–3d) with different As : V ratios were studied:      \({{{\text{(C}}{{{\text{a}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.15}}}}}{\text{N}}{{{\text{a}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.85}}}}}{\text{)}}}_{{\Sigma 3}}}{\text{(M}}{{{\text{g}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.0}}}}}{\text{)(}}{{{\text{V}}}_{{{\text{1}}{\text{.95}}}}}{\text{A}}{{{\text{s}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.90}}}}}{\text{S}}{{{\text{i}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.15}}}}}{{{\text{)}}}_{{{{\Sigma 3}}}}}{{{\text{O}}}_{{12}}},\,\,\,a = 12.39737(7)\,\,{\AA},\,\,\,R = 0.0210;\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,(1)\)      \({{{\text{(C}}{{{\text{a}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.00}}}}}{\text{N}}{{{\text{a}}}_{{{\text{1}}{\text{.00}}}}}{\text{)}}}_{{\Sigma 3}}}{\text{(M}}{{{\text{g}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.0}}}}}{\text{)(}}{{{\text{V}}}_{{{\text{1}}{\text{.90}}}}}{\text{A}}{{{\text{s}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.90}}}}}{\text{S}}{{{\text{i}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.20}}}}}{{{\text{)}}}_{{{{\Sigma 3}}}}}{{{\text{O}}}_{{12}}},\,\,\,a = 12.35366(10)\,\,{\AA},\,\,\,R = 0.0181;\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,(2)\)          \({{{\text{(C}}{{{\text{a}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.05}}}}}{\text{N}}{{{\text{a}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.95}}}}}{\text{)}}}_{{\Sigma 3}}}{\text{(M}}{{{\text{g}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.0}}}}}{\text{)(}}{{{\text{V}}}_{{{\text{2}}{\text{.35}}}}}{\text{A}}{{{\text{s}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.60}}}}}{\text{S}}{{{\text{i}}}_{{{\text{0}}{\text{.05}}}}}{{{\text{)}}}_{{{{\Sigma 3}}}}}{{{\text{O}}}_{{12}}},\,\,\,a = 12.36093(7)\,\,{\AA},\,\,\,R = 0.0251.\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,(3)\)

The dimorphism of the garnet supergroup and alluodite group arsenates is discussed.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to V.O. Yapaskurt for his help in studying minerals by scanning electron microscopy.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 20-77-00063. The study of a schäferite sample from the First Cone of the NV GTFE was carried out within the framework of topic no. 0136-2019-0010 “Investigations of the Composition and Structure of Mineral Matter by High-Local Methods.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    N. N. Koshlyakova, I. V. Pekov, N. V. Zubkova, A. G. Turchkova & D. Yu. Pushcharovsky

  2. Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Agakhanov

  3. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

    P. M. Kartashov

  4. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

    E. G. Sidorov

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  1. N. N. Koshlyakova
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Correspondence to N. N. Koshlyakova.

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Koshlyakova, N.N., Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V. et al. A New Solid Solution with Garnet Structure: Berzeliite–Schäferite Isomorphic Series from the Fumarole Exhalation of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka. Geol. Ore Deposits 63, 857–868 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701521080055

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