Abstract—We studied quantitative changes in the components of GABAergic system in Sprague–Dawley rats using an ultrasound model of a depression-like state induced by chronic action of randomly alternating ultrasonic frequencies of 20–45 kHz. We measured expression of the GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA3, and GABRB2 genes coding the α1, α2, α3, and β2 subunits of GABAA-receptors, respectively, in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, mesencephalon, and amygdala after one, two, and three weeks of stress. The levels of relative expression of GABRA1, GABRA2, and GABRA3 genes decreased to a various extent in different brain structures depending on the duration of ultrasound exposure. Reduced relative expression of GABRA1 and GABRA3 genes was found after one week of chronic exposure to ultrasound, while the decrease in relative expression of GABRA2 was seen only after three weeks. The relative expression of GABRB2 remained unchanged. Thus, for the first time, we studied the dynamics of gene expression of GABAA-receptor subunits accompanying different stages of the development of a depression-like state in rats; this helped to reveal the relation between the detected changes and the duration of exposure to stress.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Kessler, R., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., Ormel, J., Ustun, B., and Wang, P., Epidemiol. Psichiatr. Soc., 2009, vol. 18, pp. 23–33.
Grigor’yan, G.A. and Gulyaeva, N.V., Vyssh. Nervn. Deyat.im.I.P. Pavlova, 2015, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 643–660.
Duman, C.H., Vitam. Horm., 2010, vol. 82, pp. 1–21.
Morozova, A., Zubkov, E., Strekalova, T., Kekelidze, Z., Storozeva, Z., Schroeter, C.A., Lesch, K.P., Cline, B.H., and Chekhonin, V., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2016, vol. 68, pp. 52–63.
Gorlova, A.V., Pavlov, D.A., Ushakova, V.M., Zubkov, E.A., Morozova, A.Yu., Inozemtsev, A.N., and Chekhonin, V.P., Byull. Eksp. Biol. i Med., 2017, vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 271–274.
Brudzynski, S., Behav. Brain Res., 2007, vol. 182, pp. 261–273.
Litvin, Y., Blanchard, C., and Blanchard, R., Behav. Brain Res., 2007, vol. 182, pp. 166–172.
Morozova, A.Yu., Zubkov, E.A., Storozheva, Z.I., Kekelidze, Z.I., and Chekhonin, V.P. Byull. Eksp. Biol. i Med., 2012, vol. 154, no. 12, pp. 705–708.
Mansari, M., Guiard, B., Chernoloz, O., Ghanbari, R., Katz, N., and Blier, P., CNS Neurosci. Ther., 2010, vol. 16, pp. 1–17.
Olsen, R.W. and Sieghart, W., Neuropharmacology, 2009, vol. 56, pp. 141–148.
Gunther, U., Benson, J., Benke, D., Fritschy, J.M., Reyes, G., Knoflach, F., Crestani, F., Aguzzi, A., Arigoni, M., Lang, Y., Bluethmann, H., Mohler, H., and Luscher, B., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1995, vol. 92, pp. 7749–7753.
Fatemi, S.H., Folsom, T.D., Rooney, R.J., and Thuras, P.D., Transl. Psychiatry, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2013.46
Smith, K.S. and Rudolph, U., Neuropharmacology, 2012, vol. 62, pp. 54–62.
Sapolsky, R., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2001, vol. 98, pp. 12320–12322.
Coryell, W., Nopoulos, P., Drevets, W., and Andreasen, N., American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005, vol. 162, pp. P. 1706–1712.
Hamilton, J., Siemer, M., and Gotlib, I., Mol. Psychiatry, 2008, vol. 13, pp. 993–1000.
Pavlov, D., Bettendorff, L., Gorlova, A., Olkhovik, A., Kalueff, A., Ponomarev, E., Inozemtsev, A., Chekhonin, V., Lesch, K.P., Anthony, D.C., and Strekalova, T., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2019, vol. 90, pp. 104–116.
Livak, K.J. and Schmittgen, T.D., Methods, 2001, vol. 25, pp. 402–408.
Shen, Q., Lal, R., Luellen, B.A., Earnheart, J.C., Andrews, A.M., and Luscher, B., Biological Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 68, pp. 512–520.
Earnheart, J.C., Schweizer, C., Crestani, F., Iwasato, T., Itohara, S., Mohler, H., and Luscher, B., J. Neurosci., 2007, vol. 27, pp. 3845–3854.
Castagne, V., Moser, P., and Porsolt, R.D., Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience, 2nd ed., CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2009.
Slattery, D.A. and Cryan, J.F., Nature Protocols, 2012, vol. 7, pp. 1009–1014.
Molendijk, M. and de Kloet, E.R., Behav. Brain Res., 2019, vol. 365, pp. 1–10.
Moreau, J., Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 2002, vol. 4, pp. 351–360.
Overstreet, D.H., Modeling Depression in Animal Models,Methods Mol. Biol., 2012, vol. 829, pp. 125–144.
Maguire, J., Front Cell Neurosci., 2014, vol. 8, pp. 157–169.
Verkuyl, J.M., Hemby, S.E., and Joels, M., Eur. J Neurosci., 2004, vol. 20, pp. 1665–1673.
Rocha, L., Alonso-Vanegas, M., Martínez-Juárez, I.E., Orozco-Suárez, S., Escalante-Santiago, D., Feria-Romero, I.A., Zavala-Tecuapetla, C., Cisneros-Franco, J.M., Buentello-García, R.M., and Cienfuegos, J., Front. Cell Neurosci., 2015, vol. 8, p. 442.
Funding
No external funding was received.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests. The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval. Animal management and all experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the international guidelines for the care of animals (European Union Directive 2010/63, September 22, 2010).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gorlova, A.V., Pavlov, D.A., Ushakova, V.M. et al. The Induction of a Depression-Like State by Chronic Exposure to Ultrasound in Rats Is Accompanied by a Reduction in Gene Expression of GABAA-Receptor Subunits in the Brain. Neurochem. J. 14, 49–54 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712420010080
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712420010080