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Building instructions for a ferromagnetic axion haloscope

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Abstract

A ferromagnetic haloscope is a rf spin magnetometer used for searching dark matter in the form of axions. A magnetic material is monitored searching for anomalous magnetization oscillations which can be induced by dark matter axions. To properly devise such instrument, one first needs to understand the features of the searched-for signal, namely the effective rf field of dark matter axions \(B_\mathrm{{a}}\) acting on electronic spins. Once the properties of \(B_\mathrm{{a}}\) are defined, the design and test of the apparatus may start. The optimal sample is a narrow linewidth and high spin-density material such as yttrium-iron garnet, coupled to a microwave cavity with almost matched linewidth to collect the signal. The power in the resonator is collected with an antenna and amplified with a Josephson parametric amplifier, a quantum-limited device which, however, adds most of the setup noise. The signal is further amplified with low-noise HEMT and down-converted for storage with an heterodyne receiver. This work describes how to build such apparatus, with all the experimental details, the main issues one might face, and some solutions.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: The datasets generated during and/or analysed in the present work are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.]

Notes

  1. The average speed \(v_\mathrm{{a}}\ll c\) also justifies the approximation of Eq. (5), i.e., the use of the non-relativistic limit of Euler–Lagrange equations.

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Acknowledgements

N.C. is thankful to INFN and the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro for hosting and encouraging the experiment. The help and support of Giovanni Carugno and Giuseppe Ruoso are deeply acknowledged.

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  1. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Nicolò Crescini

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Crescini, N. Building instructions for a ferromagnetic axion haloscope. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 338 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02533-w

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