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Development of Theranostic Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions as a Model Non-Opioid Pain Nanomedicine Using a Quality by Design (QbD) Approach

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Abstract

Pain nanomedicine is an emerging field in response to current needs of addressing the opioid crisis in the USA and around the world. Our group has focused on the development of macrophage-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions as inflammatory pain nanomedicines over the past several years. We present here, for the first time, a quality by design approach used to design pain nanomedicine. Specifically, we used failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) which identified the process and composition parameters that were most likely to impact nanoemulsion critical quality attributes (CQAs). From here, we applied a unique combination approach that compared multiple linear regression, boosted decision tree regression, and partial least squares regression methods in combination with correlation plots. The presented combination approach allowed for in-depth analyses of which formulation steps in the nanoemulsification processes control nanoemulsion droplet diameter, stability, and drug loading. We identified that increase in solubilizer (transcutol) content increased drug loading and decreased nanoemulsion stability. This was mitigated by inclusion of perfluorocarbon oil in the internal phase. We observed negative correlation (R2 = 0.4357, p value 0.0054) between the amount of PCE and the percent diameter increase (destabilization), and no correlation between processing parameters and percent diameter increase over time. Further, we identified that increased sonication time decreases nanoemulsion drug loading but does not significantly impact droplet diameter or stability. We believe the methods presented here can be useful in the development of various nanomedicines to produce higher-quality products with enhanced manufacturing and design control.

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Acknowledgements

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official view or policy of the Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force or its Components.

Funding

The presented work was supported by the following awards: AFMSA Department of Defense Award FA8650-17-2-6836, National Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Award R21EB023104-02 and National Institute on Drug Abuse Award R21 DA039621-02.

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Author notes

  1. Michele Herneisey and Lu Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA

    Michele Herneisey, Lu Liu, Eric Lambert, Nicholas Schmitz & Jelena M. Janjic

  2. Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA

    Michele Herneisey, Lu Liu, Eric Lambert, Nicholas Schmitz & Jelena M. Janjic

  3. Department of Biology, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania, 18510, USA

    Shannon Loftus

  4. AIRMED Program, 59th Medical Wing, United States Air Force, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas, 78236, USA

    Jelena M. Janjic

Authors
  1. Michele Herneisey
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  2. Lu Liu
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  3. Eric Lambert
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  4. Nicholas Schmitz
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Correspondence to Jelena M. Janjic.

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Herneisey, M., Liu, L., Lambert, E. et al. Development of Theranostic Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions as a Model Non-Opioid Pain Nanomedicine Using a Quality by Design (QbD) Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech 20, 65 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1287-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1287-6

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