Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines and self-rated physical and mental health among adolescents

  • Quantitative Research
  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Public Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth recommend a minimum of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 8–11 h/night of sleep depending on age. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of meeting combinations of these recommendations with self-rated physical and mental health.

Methods

This study used data from the 2017 (n = 5739) and 2019 (n = 6960) cycles of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS), a biennially repeated cross-sectional study of Ontario students in grades 7 through 12. Multivariable ordered logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnoracial background, subjective socio-economic status, and body mass index z-scores.

Results

Similar patterns were seen in the 2017 and 2019 samples. Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, meeting different combinations of recommendations in the 2019 sample was associated with positive self-rated physical and mental health. A dose–response gradient between the number of recommendations met and self-rated physical (p < 0.001) and mental (p < 0.001) health was observed, with meeting one (AOR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.58–2.09), two (AOR: 3.54; 95% CI: 2.98–4.22), or three recommendations (AOR: 6.34; 95% CI: 4.46–9.02) being increasingly associated with positive self-rated physical health compared with meeting none; and meeting one (AOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.33–1.71), two (AOR: 2.70; 95% CI: 2.31–3.17), or three recommendations (AOR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.57–4.98) being increasingly associated with positive self-rated mental health compared with meeting none.

Conclusion

Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines is associated with better self-rated physical and mental health among adolescents.

Résumé

Objectif

Les Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures pour les enfants et les jeunes recommandent un minimum de 60 min par jour d’activité physique d’intensité moyenne à élevée, un maximum de 2 heures par jour de temps de loisir devant un écran et de 8 à 11 heures de sommeil selon l’âge. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les associations entre l’adoption d’une combinaison de ces recommandations et l’autoévaluation de la santé physique et mentale.

Méthode

Cette étude s’est appuyée sur les données tirées des cycles de 2017 (n = 5 739) et de 2019 (n = 6 960) du Sondage sur la consommation de drogues et la santé des élèves de l’Ontario (SCDSEO), un sondage transversal réalisé tous les deux ans auprès d’élèves de la 7e à la 12e année en Ontario. Les modèles de régression logistique multivariés ont été ajustés en ce qui a trait à l’âge, au genre, aux antécédents ethnoraciaux, au statut socioéconomique subjectif et aux scores-z de l’indice de masse corporelle.

Résultats

Des tendances similaires ont été observées dans les échantillons de 2017 et de 2019. L’adoption d’une combinaison des recommandations parmi l’échantillon de 2019, comparativement au fait de ne se conformer à aucune d’elles, était associée à une autoévaluation positive de la santé physique et mentale. Un gradient dose-réponse entre le nombre de recommandations adoptées et l’autoévaluation de la santé physique (p < 0,001) et mentale (p < 0,001) a été observé. L’adoption d’une (RCa : 1,82; IC de 95% : 1,58 à 2,09), de deux (RCa : 3,54; IC de 95% : 2,98 à 4,22) ou de trois recommandations (RCa : 6,34; IC de 95% : 4,46 à 9,02) était étroitement associée à une autoévaluation positive de la santé physique, comparativement au fait de ne se conformer à aucune d’elles; et l’adoption d’une (RCa : 1,51; IC de 95% : 1,33 à 1,71), de deux (RCa : 2,70; IC de 95% : 2,31 à 3,17) ou de trois recommandations (RCa : 3,58; IC de 95% : 2,57 à 4,98) était étroitement associée à une autoévaluation positive de la santé mentale, comparativement au fait de ne se conformer à aucune d’elles.

Conclusion

La conformité aux directives en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures est associée à une meilleure autoévaluation de la santé physique et mentale chez les adolescents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Our data cannot be made available in the manuscript, the supplemental files or a public repository due to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health’s and The Ontario Public and Catholic School Board’s institutional Research Ethics Board agreements. Readers, however, may contact to request the public data file underlying the findings of this study by contacting the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health at info@camh.ca.

Code availability

Code is available upon request from the corresponding author.

References

  • Allen, M. S., & Vella, S. A. (2015). Screen-based sedentary behaviour and psychosocial well-being in childhood: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 9, 41–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babic, M. J., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Eather, N., Plotnikoff, R. C., & Lubans, D. R. (2017). Longitudinal associations between changes in screen-time and mental health outcomes in adolescents. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 12, 124–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boak, A., Hamilton, H. A., Adlaf, E. M., & Mann, R. E. (2017). Drug use among Ontario students, 1977–2017: Detailed findings from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) (CAMH Research Document Series No. 46). Toronto, ON: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.

  • Boak, A., Elton-Marshall, T., Mann, R. E., & Hamilton, H. A. (2020). Drug use among Ontario students, 1977–2019: Detailed findings from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). Toronto, ON: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.

  • Boardman, J. D. (2006). Self-rated health among U.S. adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 401–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.01.006.

  • Carson, V., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Chaput, J.-P., et al. (2016). Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: An update. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6), S240–S265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., & Tremblay, M. S. (2017). Health associations with meeting new 24-hour movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth. Preventive Medicine, 95, 7–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). YRBSS - Questionnaires 2017. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/questionnaires.htm. Accessed March 7, 2021.

  • Chaput, J. P., Carson, V., Gray, C. E., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014). Importance of all movement behaviors in a 24 hour period for overall health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(12), 12575–12581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212575

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Courser, M. W., Shamblen, S. R., Lavrakas, P. J., Collins, D., & Ditterline, P. (2009). The impact of active consent procedures on nonresponse and nonresponse error in youth survey data: Evidence from a new experiment. Evaluation Review, 33(4), 370–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X09337228

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Currie, C., Nic Gabhainn, S., & Godeau, E. (2009). The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: WHO Collaborative Cross-National (HBSC) study: Origins, concept, history and development 1982–2008. International Journal of Public Health, 54(Suppl 2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-5404-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faulkner, G., Weatherson, K., Patte, K., Qian, W., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2020). Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with flourishing among Canadian youth? Preventive Medicine, 139, 106179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, J. E., Wilkie, A. A., Cordner, A., Hudgens, E. E., Ghio, A. J., Birch, R. J., et al. (2016). Factors associated with self-reported health: Implications for screening level community-based health and environmental studies. BMC Public Health, 16, 640. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3321-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, S. D., Sabanayagam, C., & Shankar, A. (2012). The relationship between insufficient sleep and self-rated health in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012, 518263. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/518263

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfield, G. S., Henderson, K., Buchholz, A., Obeid, N., Nguyen, H., & Flament, M. F. (2011). Physical activity and psychological adjustment in adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8(2), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.2.157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, E., Huang, B., Schafer-Kalkhoff, T., & Adler, N. E. (2007). Perceived socioeconomic status: A new type of identity that influences adolescents’ self-rated health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(5), 479–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.05.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grontved, A., Singhammer, J., Froberg, K., Moller, N. C., Pan, A., Pfeiffer, K. A., et al. (2015). A prospective study of screen time in adolescence and depression symptoms in young adulthood. Preventive Medicine, 81, 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, K. M., Hopman, W. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2015). Physical activity, screen time and self-rated health and mental health in Canadian adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 73, 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.030

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N. M., & Jay, G. M. (1994). What do global self-rated health items measure? Medical Care, 32(9), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199409000-00004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leidy, N. K., Revicki, D. A., & Genesté, B. (1999). Recommendations for evaluating the validity of quality of life claims for labeling and promotion. Value Health, 2(2), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4733.1999.02210.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorem, G., Cook, S., Leon, D. A., Emaus, N., & Schirmer, H. (2020). Self-reported health as a predictor of mortality: A cohort study of its relation to other health measurements and observation time. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 4886. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61603-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lubans, D. R., Hesketh, K., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., Salmon, J., Dollman, J., et al. (2011). A systematic review of the validity and reliability of sedentary behaviour measures used with children and adolescents. Obesity Reviews, 12(10), 781–799. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00896.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nascimento-Ferreira, M. V., Collese, T. S., de Moraes, A. C. F., Rendo-Urteaga, T., Moreno, L. A., & Carvalho, H. B. (2016). Validity and reliability of sleep time questionnaires in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 30, 85–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parfitt, G., Pavey, T., & Rowlands, A. V. (2009). Children’s physical activity and psychological health: The relevance of intensity. Acta Paediatrica, 98(6), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01255.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patte, K. A., Faulkner, G., Qian, W., Duncan, M., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2020). Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with depressive symptoms among youth? BMC Public Health, 20(1), 793–793. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08887-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Standage, M., Tremblay, M. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R., et al. (2017). Associations between meeting combinations of 24-h movement guidelines and health-related quality of life in children from 12 countries. Public Health, 153, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J. P., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., et al. (2020a). 24-hour movement guidelines and suicidality among adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.096

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J. P., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., et al. (2020b). The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Distress among Adolescents: Les Directives canadiennes en matiere de mouvement sur 24 heures et la detresse psychologique chez les adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 706743720970863.https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720970863

  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Colman, I., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., et al. (2020c). Associations between the Canadian 24 h movement guidelines and different types of bullying involvement among adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 108, 104638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104638

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Colman, I., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Tremblay, M. S., et al. (2020d). 24-hour movement behaviors and internalizing and externalizing behaviors among youth. Journal of Adolescent Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, T. J., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., et al. (2016). Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: Relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6), S283–S293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, K. H., Harnack, L., Fulton, J. E., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Gao, S., Lytle, L. A., et al. (2004). Reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to assess television viewing and computer use by middle school children. Journal of School Health, 74(9), 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb06632.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., & Lubans, D. R. (2015). Reliability and validity of a single-item physical activity measure for adolescents. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 51(8), 787–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada. (2013). Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS): User Guide 2012 and 2011–2012 Microdata Files (p. 100). Statistics Canada.

  • Štefan, L., Juranko, D., Prosoli, R., Barić, R., & Sporiš, G. (2017). Self-reported sleep duration and self-rated health in young adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(7), 899–904. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6662

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J. P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., et al. (2016). Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6 Suppl 3), S311-327. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vingilis, E. R., Wade, T. J., & Seeley, J. S. (2002). Predictors of adolescent self-rated health. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 93(3), 193–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404999

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G., Di Nardo, F., & Verma, A. (2017). The relationship between self-reported health status and signs of psychological distress within European urban contexts. European Journal of Public Health, 27(suppl_2), 68–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx008.

  • World Health Organization. (2011). WHO Anthro (version 3.2.2) and macros. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

  • World Health Organization. (2020). Physical activity. Fact sheet. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity. Last accessed: March 19, 2021.

  • Yeo, S. C., Jos, A. M., Erwin, C., Lee, S. M., Lee, X. K., Lo, J. C., et al. (2019). Associations of sleep duration on school nights with self-rated health, overweight, and depression symptoms in adolescents: Problems and possible solutions. Sleep Medicine, 60, 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.041

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, T., Lu, G., & Wu, X. Y. (2020). Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and self-rated health among the general population of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1343. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09447-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey is an initiative of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health that is funded by the ongoing support of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, along with targeted funding from various provincial agencies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga & Jean-Philippe Chaput

  2. Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada

    Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga & Jean-Philippe Chaput

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Amanda Lien

  4. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Hayley A. Hamilton

  5. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Hayley A. Hamilton

Authors
  1. Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amanda Lien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hayley A. Hamilton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jean-Philippe Chaput
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data analysis was performed by HS. All the authors interpreted results. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HS and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Philippe Chaput.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Boards at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the school board research review committees, and York University. The study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Lien, A., Hamilton, H.A. et al. The Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines and self-rated physical and mental health among adolescents. Can J Public Health 113, 312–321 (2022). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00568-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00568-7

Keywords

Mots-clés

Search

Navigation