Abstract
“Hairy” roots obtained through genetic transformation of plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, a soil phytopathogen, are valuable producers of important secondary metabolites possessing medicinal properties as well as a useful model system for studying plant responses to impacts of unfriendly environmental conditions. This study compares a postponed response of Althaea officinalis L. “hairy” roots to the impacts of short-term cold- and high-temperature stress factors. The results obtained by the study have shown that “hairy” roots from different A. officinalis lines (individual transformational events) are characterized by different sensitivity to short-term temperature stress impacts, regardless of the transformation vectors or the presence of the human interferon(ifn)-α2b gene. High temperature caused a significant level of growth inhibition in roots of all lines, except those with the highest flavonoid content under the control conditions. On the other hand, a short-term cultivation of “hairy” roots at a low temperature did not cause growth suppression. In parallel with growth inhibition caused by a temperature increase, the activation of flavonoid synthesis, which was probably a response of plants to high temperature as a stress factor, was observed. The study has shown a strong (R2 = 0.78) linear dependence between the antioxidant activity of extracts from “hairy” roots and their flavonoid content. Thus, it is obvious that flavonoids participate in the process of response and adaptation of roots to impacts of high-temperature stress.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Agati, G., Azzarello, E., Pollastri, S., and Tattini, M., Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance, Plant Sci., 2012, vol. 196, pp. 67–76.
Boo, H.O., Chon, S.U., and Lee, S.Y., Effects of temperature and plant growth regulators on anthocyanin synthesis and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 2006, vol. 81, pp. 478–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.200.11512091
Choi, S., Kwon, Y.R., Hossain, M.A., et al., A mutation in ELA1, an age-dependent negative regulator of PAP1/MYB75, causes UV- and cold stress-tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, Plant Sci., 2009, vol. 176, pp. 678– 686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.02.010
Fini, A., Brunetti, C., Di Ferdinando, M., et al., Stress-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and the antioxidant machinery of plants, Plant Signal. Behav., 2011, vol. 6, pp. 709–711. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.5.15069
Havryliuk, O., Matvieieva, N., Tashyrev, O., and Yastremskaya, L., Influence of cold stress on growth and flavonoids accumulation in Artemisia tilesii “hairy” root culture, in Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality, 2017, pp 163–167.
Matvieieva, N., Drobot, K., Duplij, V., et al., Flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Artemisia vulgaris L. “hairy” roots, Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2019, vol. 49, pp. 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2018.1536994
Matvieieva, N.A., Generation of Tragopogon porrifolius and Althaea officinalis “hairy” roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Bull. Vavilov Soc. Genet. Breeders Ukr., 2012, vol. 10, pp. 262–268.
Matvieieva, N.A., Kishchenko, O.M., Potrochov, A.O., et al., Regeneration of transgenic plants from hairy roots of Cichorium intybus L. var. Foliosum Hegi, Cytol. Genet., 2011, vol. 45, pp. 277–281. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452711050082
Matvieieva, N.A., Morgun, B.V., Lakhneko, O.R., et al., Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation enhances the antioxidant potential of Artemisia tilesii Ledeb., Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2020, vol. 152, pp. 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.020
Matvieieva, N.A., Shachovsky, A.M., Gerasymenko, I.M., et al., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Cichorium intybus L. with interferon-α2b gene, Biopolym. Cell, 2009, vol. 25, pp. 120–125. https://doi.org/10.7124/bc.0007D4
Murashige, T. and Skoog, F., A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiol. Plant., 1962, vol. 15, pp. 473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Pekal, A. and Pyrzynska, K., Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay, Food Anal. Methods, 2014, vol. 7, pp. 1776–1782.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9814-x
Ramakrishna, A. and Ravishankar, G.A., Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants, Plant Signal. Behav., 2011, vol. 6, pp. 1720–1731.
Sanghera, G.S., Wani, S.H., Hussain, W., and Singh, N.B., Engineering cold stress tolerance in crop plants, Curr. Genomics, 2011, vol. 12, pp. 30–43. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920211794520178
Schulz, E., Tohge, T., Zuther, E., et al., Flavonoids are determinants of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Sci. Rep., 2016, vol. 6, art. 34027. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34027
Schulz, E., Tohge, T., Zuther, E., et al., Natural variation in flavonol and anthocyanin metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, Plant Cell Environ., 2015, vol. 38, pp. 1658–1672. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12518
Shamloo, M., Babawale, E.A., Furtado, A., et al., Effects of genotype and temperature on accumulation of plant secondary metabolites in Canadian and Australian wheat grown under controlled environments, Sci. Rep., 2017, vol. 7, art. 9133. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09681-5
Srivastava, S. and Srivastava, A.K., Hairy root culture for mass-production of high-value secondary metabolites, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 2007, vol. 27, pp. 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388550601173918
Wahid, A., Physiological implications of metabolite biosynthesis for net assimilation and heat-stress tolerance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) sprouts, J. Plant Res., 2007, vol. 120, pp. 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-006-0040-5
Wang, L., Tu, Y.-C., Lian, T.-W., et al., Distinctive antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of flavonols, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 9798–9804.https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0620719
Wang, S.Y. and Zheng, W., Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 4977–4982. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0106244
Wu, G., Johnson, S.K., Bornman, J.F., et al., Growth temperature and genotype both play important roles in sorghum grain phenolic composition, Sci. Rep., 2016, vol. 6, art. 21835. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21835
Funding
The study was supported by grant no. 27/01.2020 of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (NRFU)—Biosynthesis of Recombinant Pharmaceutical Proteins in Plants to Counteract the Spread of Some Infectious Diseases of Viral and Bacterial Origin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. This article does not contain any investigations carried out by any of the authors with the participation of animals or humans.
Additional information
Translated by N. Tarasyuk
About this article
Cite this article
Matvieieva, N.A., Ratushnyak, Y.I., Duplij, V.P. et al. Effect of Temperature Stress on the Althaea officinalis’s “Hairy” Roots Carrying the Human Interferon α2b Gene. Cytol. Genet. 55, 207–212 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452721030051
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452721030051