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Seismic Deformations in an Early Christian Monastery in the Area of Djanavara, Varna, Bulgaria. Part 1: Study Methods

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Abstract

Archeoseismological studies of the ruins of the Djanavara monastery complex (Varna, Bulgaria) have been carried out. The complicated character of the investigated destruction required different methods of archeoseismological investigation. Their description constitutes the first part of the paper. Different types of seismic deformations in building structures caused by surface ruptures and displacement of building elements along them are considered, as well as secondary deformations, i.e., when destruction and damage in building constructions occurred due to strong seismic motions produced by a distant source. We discuss the possible interpretations of the peculiar destruction types as kinematic indicators in modern buildings and archeological objects. We provide examples of different types of destruction and collapses of constructions, the tilting and rotation of building elements, as well as displacements without rotation. The possibility of locating the earthquake epicenter based on the data on orientations of collapses and methods of dating and seismic event parameterization are also discussed. The results of applying these methods in order to study the ruins of the Djanavara Cloister complex will be given in the second part of the paper.

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Funding

These studies were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-55-18014 Bolg_a (A study of the consequence of strong earthquakes in coastal zones of Bulgaria and the Taman Peninsula, western Caucasus, from historical, archeological, and paleoseismogeological data for the purpose of revising seismic hazard assessment for these regions (Bulgarian scientific supervisor was Prof. O.V. Dimitrov; Russian, Prof. E.A. Rogozhin). Laboratory analysis of the data was supported by the Schmidt Institute of Phsyics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, in the framework of its internal basic research program. In addition, the work was supported by two contracts (DNTS/Russia02/20, contract date June 27, 2018, and no. 18-55-18014 Bulgaria), and by the National Research Program (Environmental protection and mitigation of risks of unfavorable phenomena and disasters), which was approved by the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (decree no. 577/17.08.2018) and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria (agreement no. D01-230/06.12.2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123242, Moscow, Russia

    A. M. Korzhenkov, A. N. Ovsyuchenko, A. S. Larkov, E. A. Rogozhin & A. A. Strelnikov

  2. Varna Regional Museum of History, 9000, Varna, Bulgaria

    A. Minchev & V. Tenekedjiev

  3. Fridtjof Nansen Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9010, Varna, Bulgaria

    O. Dimitrov

  4. Mining and Geological University, 1700, Sofia, Bulgaria

    B. Ranguelov

Authors
  1. A. M. Korzhenkov
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  2. A. Minchev
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  3. V. Tenekedjiev
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  4. A. N. Ovsyuchenko
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  5. O. Dimitrov
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  6. A. S. Larkov
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  7. E. A. Rogozhin
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  8. B. Ranguelov
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  9. A. A. Strelnikov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. M. Korzhenkov.

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Translated by N. Astafiev

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Korzhenkov, A.M., Minchev, A., Tenekedjiev, V. et al. Seismic Deformations in an Early Christian Monastery in the Area of Djanavara, Varna, Bulgaria. Part 1: Study Methods. Seism. Instr. 57, 343–359 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0747923921030075

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