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Recording and Modeling of Ulf–Elf Signals at the Staraya Pustyn Station During the Fenics-2019 Experiment

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Abstract

In September 2019, on the Kola Peninsula, an experiment was carried out to generate ULF–ELF signals at night using two decommissioned industrial power lines as a horizontal emitting antenna. The line current was supplied from an external 200 kW generator. The current strength varied from 240 A at low frequencies (0.382 Hz) to 20 A at the highest (194 Hz). The paper presents the results of recording ULF signals at the Staraya Pustyn magnetic station, which is 1610 km from the power line. Signals with frequencies from 0.6 to 6.4 Hz were recorded. The signal amplitudes, normalized to the emitter current, varied in the range of 0.4–0.7 fT/A. For theoretical estimates, two models were used: (1) formulas from the theory of ELF field excitation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide and (2) a numerical model of the ULF field in the atmosphere and ionosphere created by a linear surface current of infinite length. The numerical model is based on calculation of the system of Maxwell equations in a vertically inhomogeneous atmosphere and ionosphere, the parameters of which are calculated using the IRI model. A fundamental feature of model 2 is that it takes into account the contribution of the ionospheric waveguide propagation to the excited field at large distances at frequencies above the critical waveguide frequency of ~0.5 Hz. The dependence of the amplitude of the recorded signals from an artificial source on a frequency of 2–8 Hz has a nonmonotonic character, which may be a manifestation of the effects of waveguide propagation along the ionosphere.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors express gratitude to the reviewers for constructive comments, as well as to V.V. Kolobov, V.V. Ivonin, and M.B. Barannik, who provided operation of the generator installation for the industrial power line.

Funding

The study was carried out under the state tasks assigned by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation: IPE RAS and GI KSC RAS (topic no. 0226-2019-0052), CES KSC RAS (topic no. 0226-2019-0067).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Physics, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    A. V. Ryabov

  2. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    V. A. Pilipenko

  3. Research Radiophysical Institute, Nizhny Novgorod University, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    E. N. Ermakova

  4. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123242, Moscow, Russia

    N. G. Mazur & E. N. Fedorov

  5. St. Petersburg Branch, Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (SPbF IZMIRAN), 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Zhamaletdinov

  6. Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209, Apatity, Russia

    A. N. Shevtsov

Authors
  1. A. V. Ryabov
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  2. V. A. Pilipenko
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  3. E. N. Ermakova
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  4. N. G. Mazur
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  5. E. N. Fedorov
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  6. A. A. Zhamaletdinov
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Correspondence to V. A. Pilipenko.

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Ryabov, A.V., Pilipenko, V.A., Ermakova, E.N. et al. Recording and Modeling of Ulf–Elf Signals at the Staraya Pustyn Station During the Fenics-2019 Experiment. Seism. Instr. 57, 329–342 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0747923921030129

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