Abstract
The disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) of childhood are comprised of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) (APA, 2001). These conditions are among the most conmionly treated in mental health settings with epidemiological studies suggesting that between 3 and 16% of all youth meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one, if not two or more, of these conditions (Eiraldi, Power, & Nezu, 1997; Loeber, Burke, Lahey, Winters, & Zera, 2000; for review see Barkley, 1998; Goldstein & Goldstein, 1998). These conditions have traditionally been referred to as externalizing disorders as opposed to the internalizing disorders such as anxiety, depression, or learning disability. The former disrupt and disturb the immediate environment and are easily visible to the observer. Symptoms and impairments of the latter are not as often observed nor are environments as disrupted by affected children and adolescents.
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Goldstein, S., Rider, R. (2005). Resilience and the Disruptive Disorders of Childhood. In: Goldstein, S., Brooks, R.B. (eds) Handbook of Resilience in Children. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48572-9_13
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