Abstract
Peacebuilding cannot be imposed from above. A sustainable peaceful order can only be reached if it is embedded in the everyday life of a society. What is needed, then, are political approaches that do more than just impose a set of pre-determined political rights and structures, such as elections and democratic institutions. Important as such features are, they can only work if they have legitimacy at a grassroots level. For peacebuilding to be sustainable, it must operate at numerous levels, and win over not only elites in power but also the actual people who make up post-conflict communities.
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Notes
Roland Bleiker, Aesthetics and World Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).
See Roland Paris, ‘Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism’, International Security 22, no. 2 (1997); Roland Paris, At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004);
Stephen Baranyi, ed., The Paradoxes of Peacebuilding Post-9/11 (California: Stanford University Press, 2008).
Susanna Campbell and Jenny H. Peterson, ‘Statebuilding’, in Routledge Handbook of Peacebuilding, ed. Roger Mac Ginty (New York: Routledge, 2013), 343.
Ole Jacob Sending, ‘The Effects of Peacebuilding: Sovereignty, Patronage and Power’, in A Liberal Peace? The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding, eds Susanna Campbell, David Chandler and Meera Sabaratnam (London: Zed Books, 2011), 56.
Dia Da Costa, Development Dramas: Reimagining Rural Political Action in Eastern India (New Delhi: Routledge, 2010), 45.
See Rajini Obeyesekere, Sri Lankan Theatre at a Time of Terror (New Delhi: Sage, 1999);
Madhawa Palihapitiya, ‘The Created Space: Peacebuilding and Performance in Sri Lanka’, in Acting Together: Volume I, eds Cynthia E. Cohen et al. (Oakland, CA: New Village Press, 2011).
See Cynthia E. Cohen, ‘Engaging with the Arts to Promote Coexistence’, in Imagine Coexistence: Restoring Humanity after Violent Ethnic Conflict, eds Martha Minow and Antonia Chaves (Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass, 2003);
Louise Diamond and John W. McDonald, Multi-Trace Diplomacy: A Systems Approach to Peace (West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1996).
Emma Hutchison and Roland Bleiker, ‘Emotional Reconciliation: Reconstituting Identity and Community after Trauma’, European Journal of Social Theory 11, no. 3 (2008): 385–403.
Roger Mac Ginty, ‘Hybrid Peace: The Interaction between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Peace’, Security Dialogue 41, no. 4 (2010): 393.
Adam Moore, Peacebuilding in Practice: Local Experience in Two Bosnian Towns (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013).
See Timothy Donais, Peacebuilding and Local Ownership: Post-Conflict Consensus-Building (New York: Routledge, 2012).
Nathan C. Funk, ‘Building on What’s Already There: Valuing the Local in International Peacebuilding’, International Journal 67, no. 2 (2012): 397.
Jason Franks and Oliver P. Richmond, ‘Coopting Liberal Peace-Building: Untying the Gordian Knot in Kosovo’, Cooperation and Conflict 43, no. 1 (2008); Markus Fisher, ‘The Liberal Peace: Ethical, Historical, and Philosophical Aspects’, in BCSIA Discussion Paper 2000–07 (Kennedy School of Government: Harvard University, 2000).
Oliver P. Richmond, ‘A Genealogy of Peace and Conflict Theory’, in Palgrave Advances in Peacebuilding: Critical Developments and Approaches, ed. Oliver P. Richmond (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 23–25.
Roger Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance: Hybrid Forms of Peace (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
Mark Chou, Greek Tragedy and Contemporary Democracy (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2012), 52;
see also Donald J. Mastronarde, The Art of Euripides: Dramatic Technique and Social Context (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
John Paul Lederach, The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Cynthia Cohen, Roberto G. Varea and Polly O. Walker, Acting Together: Performance and the Creative Transformation of Conflict: Volume 1: Resistance and Reconciliation in Regions of Violence (Oakland, CA: New Village Press, 2011), 42.
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© 2016 Nilanjana Premaratna and Roland Bleiker
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Premaratna, N., Bleiker, R. (2016). Arts and Theatre for Peacebuilding. In: Richmond, O.P., Pogodda, S., Ramović, J. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Disciplinary and Regional Approaches to Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40761-0_7
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