Abstract
We proceed now to the provenance traditionally equated with molecular phylogenetics—estimation of evolutionary relationships among species and higher taxa. After reproductive barriers have been erected and the speciation process completed, molecular characters continue to evolve in a more or less time-dependent fashion (Chapter 4), such that the overall genetic distance between species under study provides a compelling guide to the general magnitude of evolutionary time since their common ancestry. Furthermore, many qualitative molecular markers considered individually or in combination can provide powerful characters for clade delineation. In assessing relationships among species, a variety of molecular techniques has been brought to bear, including protein electrophoresis, immunological assays, DNA restriction analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and others. In recent years, nucleotide sequencing has become widespread and currently is revolutionizing the field. Collectively, these methods have been applied to phylogenetic estimation in many hundreds of taxonomic groups, at evolutionary depths ranging from closely related congeners to the deepest branches in the tree of life. No attempt will be made here to summarize this vast literature exhaustively. Rather, the purpose of this chapter is to illustrate by chosen examples some of the wide variety of problems and approaches in supraspecific phylogeny tackled through molecular markers.
All the organic beings which have ever lived on this Earth may be descended from some one primordial form.
C. Darwin, 1859
.. study of the gene at the most fundamental level will soon tell us more about the phylogenetic relationships of organisms than we have managed to learn in all the 173 years since Lamarck.
R.K. Selander, 1982
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Avise, J.C. (1994). Species Phylogenies and Macroevolution. In: Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-03781-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2381-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive