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Nutrition and Oral Health: A Two-Way Relationship

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Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Dental caries and chronic periodontitis are by far the most common oral diseases in the elderly, and these conditions are related to diet. Frequent and high intake of sugary drinks and other foods rich in fermentable carbohydrates is known to increase the risk of caries, while fluoride decreases caries risk. Dairy consumption appears to be associated with lower caries levels. Obesity increases the risk of periodontitis as the adipose tissue serve as a reservoir for inflammatory cytokines. Nutrients such as vitamin D, vitamin C, carotenoids and omega 3 fatty acids could also affect periodontitis risk. Intake of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products have been associated in a few studies with reduced risk of periodontitis. Furthermore, intake of whole grains may also reduce the risk of periodontitis. Nutritional factors also impact risk of oral cancer. A diet high in fruits and vegetables, more so if raw and diverse, protects against oral pre-cancer and cancer. Several nutrients found in vegetables and fruits including vitamins A, B complex, C, E and other components such as carotenoids, glutathione, lycopene, lutein and flavonoids, show an inverse association with oral cancer. Furthermore, a dietary pattern high in fruits, vegetables, other fiber-rich foods, and fish are associated with a reduced cancer risk while saturated fat, processed and refined foods, and fast foods are associated with an increased risk. On the other hand, oral health also affects nutrition, as edentulous individuals are more likely to eat a diet that may be detrimental to health (fewer fruits and vegetables and less fiber, calcium, iron, pantothenic acid, vitamins C and E, carotene and polyunsaturated fat, but more cholesterol, saturated fat, and calories). In addition, those with oral cancer experience numerous complications such as difficulty for eating and swallowing, as side effects of radiation. A healthy dentition is important for maintaining healthy nutrition status and vice versa, as oral conditions both affect and are affected by nutrition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Program, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Main Building, Office B-450, 4th floor, San Juan, 00935, Puerto Rico

    Cristina Palacios L.N.D., M.Sc., Ph.D.

  2. Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00935, Puerto Rico

    Kaumudi J. Joshipura B.D.S., M.S., Sc.D.

Authors
  1. Cristina Palacios L.N.D., M.Sc., Ph.D.
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  2. Kaumudi J. Joshipura B.D.S., M.S., Sc.D.
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Correspondence to Cristina Palacios L.N.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Connie Watkins Bales

  2. Departments of Medicine and Health Care Organization and Policy Translational Nutrition and Aging Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Julie L. Locher

  3. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Edward Saltzman

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Palacios, C., Joshipura, K.J. (2015). Nutrition and Oral Health: A Two-Way Relationship. In: Bales, C., Locher, J., Saltzman, E. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1_5

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