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Early Development of the Spiral Ganglion

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The Primary Auditory Neurons of the Mammalian Cochlea

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 52))

Abstract

The neurons and sensory epithelia of the inner ear are produced from a proneurosensory domain in the early otocyst. Embryological observations together with analysis at the molecular level have uncovered the origin of spiral ganglion neurons and detailed the series of events that underlie their differentiation. During early development, extrinsic signals position the proneurosensory domain in the anterior of the otic cup, restricting formation of non-sensory regions to the posterior. Transcriptional networks reinforce the neurosensory fate and steer progenitors towards neuronal or sensory fates. Neuronal progenitors delaminate from the otic epithelium, proliferate, and then differentiate to form a contiguous cochlear-vestibular ganglion. Spiral and vestibular ganglion neurons arise from spatially and temporally distinct neuronal progenitors, relying in part on the action of cell-type specific transcription factors. Through unclear mechanisms, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are further subdivided into Type I and Type II SGNs, followed by further diversification of Type I SGNs to produce the heterogeneous population necessary for the sense of hearing.

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Acknowledgments

Thank you to Dr. Doris Wu, Dr. Donna Fekete, Dr. Amy Kiernan, Dr. Matthew Kelley, and Dr. Bernd Fritzsch for their insightful comments and many engaging discussions about spiral ganglion neuron development over the years, as well as to Dr. Cindy Lu, Dr. Noah Druckenbrod, Dr. Brikha Shrestha, and Ms. Andrea Yung for assistance with final preparation of the manuscript and figures.

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  1. Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, MA, Boston, 02115, USA

    Lisa V. Goodrich

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  1. Lisa V. Goodrich
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Correspondence to Lisa V. Goodrich .

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  1. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Alain Dabdoub

  2. Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Bernd Fritzsch

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Goodrich, L.V. (2016). Early Development of the Spiral Ganglion. In: Dabdoub, A., Fritzsch, B., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) The Primary Auditory Neurons of the Mammalian Cochlea. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 52. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3031-9_2

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