Abstract
La Manga Formation is a vast carbonate system developed in the Neuquén Basin. The age is based in ammonite faunas, ranging from Early Callovian (Bodenbenderi-Proximum Zone) to Middle Oxfordian (Cordatum Standard Zone to Transversarium Standard Zone, and probably to the lower part of the Bifurcatus Standard Zone). A stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis, in the outcrops exposed in the south of Mendoza province, enabled the recognition of five facies associations of a carbonate ramp corresponding to (1) distal outer ramp, (2) proximal outer to distal middle ramp, (3) proximal middle ramp, (4) inner ramp deposits (shoreface, shoal, patch reef, shallow subtidal lagoon and tidal flat) and (5) paleokarstic facies. These facies correspond to homoclinal to distally steepened carbonate ramp. The facies associations are included into three third-order depositional sequences (DS-1, DS-2, DS-3) represented by transgressive and highstand systems tracts with sequence boundaries of regional character. Different controlling factors can be recognised in the deposition of this unit. The abrupt changes of facies, as well as paleokarst and epikarst discontinuity surfaces in the successions provide important evidence in terms of depositional environment and vertical evolution of the carbonate ramp. Facies patterns are variable across the outcrop area and vertically through time because of a combination of ramp morphology, siliciclastic supply, sea level changes and tectonic effects. In the southern sections, siliciclastic influx influenced the deposition of proximal middle ramp facies later overlain by scleractinian patch reefs which grew up throughout progressive stages from aggradational to progradational facies in response to climate controls and nutrient levels influence. In northern outcrops, tectonic controls affected the ramp topography and influenced the development of distal deep marine facies. Shallow subtidal and peritidal cycles indicate a combination of allocyclic and autocyclic processes controlling accommodation space and sediment accumulation.
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Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by different CONICET (PIP), UBA (UBACyT) and FONCyT (PICT) projects directed by R. M. Palma. We want to thank Mr. G. Herrero (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) for technical assistance and J. C. Poblete for his assistance during field work. Also, we would like to thank all the members of the Dirección de Recursos Naturales Renovables of Malargüe as well as the Researcher Group 910198 (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain).
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Palma, R.M., Bressan, G.S., Riccardi, A.C., López-Gómez, J., Martín-Chivelet, J. (2020). Environmental Controls and Facies Architecture of a Jurassic Carbonate Episode (La Manga Formation), Mendoza Province, Neuquén Basin. In: Kietzmann, D., Folguera, A. (eds) Opening and Closure of the Neuquén Basin in the Southern Andes. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29680-3_4
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