Abstract
We propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model named Disease Evolution Predictor GAN (DEP-GAN) to predict the evolution (i.e., progression and regression) of White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) in small vessel disease. In this study, the evolution of WMH is represented by the “Disease Evolution Map” (DEM) produced by subtracting irregularity map (IM) images from two time points: baseline and follow-up. DEP-GAN uses two discriminators (critics) to enforce anatomically realistic follow-up image and DEM. To simulate the non-deterministic and unknown parameters involved in WMH evolution, we propose modulating an array of random noises to the DEP-GAN’s generator which forces the model to imitate a wider spectrum of alternatives in the results. Our study shows that the use of two critics and random noises modulation in the proposed DEP-GAN improves its performance predicting the evolution of WMH in small vessel disease. DEP-GAN is able to estimate WMH volume in the follow-up year with mean (std) estimation error of −1.91 (12.12) ml and predict WMH evolution with mean rate of \(72.01\%\) accuracy (i.e., \(88.69\%\) and \(23.92\%\) better than Wasserstein GAN).
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Acknowledgement
Funds from the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia (MFR); Row Fogo Charitable Trust (Grant No. BRO-D.FID3668413) (MCVH); Wellcome Trust (patient recruitment, scanning, primary study Ref No. WT088134/Z/09/A); Fondation Leducq (Perivascular Spaces Transatlantic Network of Excellence); EU Horizon 2020 (SVDs@Target); and the MRC UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh (Wardlaw programme) are gratefully acknowledged. The Titan Xp used for this research was donated by the NVIDIA Corporation.
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Rachmadi, M.F., del C. Valdés-Hernández, M., Makin, S., Wardlaw, J.M., Komura, T. (2019). Predicting the Evolution of White Matter Hyperintensities in Brain MRI Using Generative Adversarial Networks and Irregularity Map. In: Shen, D., et al. Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2019. MICCAI 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11766. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32248-9_17
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