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Climate Change: Updates on Recent Global and United States Temperature Anomalies and Impacts to Water, Forests, and Environmental Health

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Climate Change and Global Public Health

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

Abstract

Over the past few years, a number of improvements have been made to global surface air temperature datasets and climate models that facilitate increased statistical reliability when determining temperature anomalies and trends. Recent measurements show a continued rise in land surface temperatures, both globally and across the United States. These trends have been increasing since the 1970s with the world’s five warmest years on record (based on data since 1880) occurring since 2015. Maintaining consistent, high-quality water resources is a primary issue for public and environmental health, and declining water supplies and degradation of water quality are of increasing, widespread concern. Hydrologic model simulations over the twenty-first century show that in the absence of further adaptation serious water shortages due to changes in climate are likely in some regions. For example, in the United States, a declining trend in annual runoff has been observed for the Colorado River Basin, the primary water supply for vast areas of the Southwest and the Colorado Plateau. At the same time, more frequent extreme weather events are increasing the frequency and/or magnitude of forest disturbances, such as wildfires, droughts and floods, and insect outbreaks, which are also impacting watershed function. While more recent assessments indicate the vast majority of watersheds in the United States remained in the same Watershed Condition Classification as reported in 2011, of those that have changed the majority have degraded. The effects of climate change on forests include both positive and negative impacts with feedbacks that influence public and environmental health.

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  1. National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air and Rare Plants Staff, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    David H. Levinson

  2. Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Davis, CA, USA

    Christopher J. Fettig

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  1. Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Kent E. Pinkerton

  2. NYU School of Global Public Health New York University, New York, NY, USA

    William N. Rom

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Levinson, D.H., Fettig, C.J. (2021). Climate Change: Updates on Recent Global and United States Temperature Anomalies and Impacts to Water, Forests, and Environmental Health. In: Pinkerton, K.E., Rom, W.N. (eds) Climate Change and Global Public Health. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54746-2_3

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