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Monitoring and Early Warning Systems: Applications and Perspectives

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Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk (WLF 2020)

Part of the book series: ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction ((CLDRR))

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Abstract

One of the most efficient and cost-effective tools for landslide risk mitigation is often the setup of an early warning system (EWS). Even if the latter encompass both technical-scientific and social-economic topics, the focus of this note is on the monitoring and forecasting components of a slope-scale landslide EWS. In this framework, a landslide monitoring system is required to provide reliable and continuously updated data for quantitatively catching the scenario evolution, thus allowing for correct forecasting analyses and prompt actions for risk mitigation. Landslide monitoring systems based on remote sensing techniques represent efficient and robust tools for risk mitigation, allowing for a low environmental and economic impact and high operator safety in difficult environments. Among these techniques, radar interferometry is one of the most widely adopted and reliable methods, whose advantages include very high accuracy, operation during all weather conditions, and high spatial and temporal coverage. Radar interferometry output data, due to their high accuracy and acquisition frequency (which is getting higher and higher for satellite applications too), perfectly fit in the prediction activity, enabling very often to make accurate and prompt time of failure or scenario evolution forecasts. In this note, a number of case studies are presented, describing the employed monitoring systems and the associated techniques adopted for risk mitigation. In particular, an integrated EWS for rockslide risk mitigation, a landslide EWS in a volcanic environment, a landslide failure prediction using satellite InSAR and a rockfall monitoring and associated time of failure prediction are presented. Each of the cases presented shows a peculiarity that can help in the definition of the characteristics and potential of a modern and reliable landslide EWS, while the recent and upcoming technological and scientific advancements are the premise of even more accurate and meaningful landslide EWSs.

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Acknowledgements

The work on Gallivaggio and Stromboli case studies was financially supported by the “Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile” (Presidency of the Council of Ministers—Department of Civil Protection); this publication, however, does not reflect the position and official policies of the Department.

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  1. Department of Earth Science, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy

    Nicola Casagli, Emanuele Intrieri, Tommaso Carlà, Federico Di Traglia, William Frodella, Giovanni Gigli, Luca Lombardi, Massimiliano Nocentini, Federico Raspini & Veronica Tofani

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Correspondence to Emanuele Intrieri .

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  1. Earth Science Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Nicola Casagli

  2. Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Veronica Tofani

  3. International Consortium on Landslides, Kyoto, Japan

    Kyoji Sassa

  4. Geological Survey of Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada

    Peter T. Bobrowsky

  5. Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability (Shishu-kan), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Kaoru Takara

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Casagli, N. et al. (2021). Monitoring and Early Warning Systems: Applications and Perspectives. In: Casagli, N., Tofani, V., Sassa, K., Bobrowsky, P.T., Takara, K. (eds) Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk. WLF 2020. ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60311-3_1

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