Skip to main content

Social Media as a New Workspace: How Working Out Loud (Re)Materializes Work

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
New Ways of Working

Part of the book series: Technology, Work and Globalization ((TWG))

Abstract

Social media platforms are more than virtual spaces for banal interactions or personal content sharing. In this chapter, we present empirical examples of ‘working out loud’ (WOL) practices, in which individuals voluntarily turn to mainstream social media platforms (such as Instagram and Twitter) to share what is part of their daily work. We highlight five dimensions that render visible traditional elements of work and workspaces including (1) the work, (2) the worker, (3) the work process, (4) the experience of work and (5) the work context. We propose that it is through those WOL practices that work materializes and that social media are more than simple tools used by workers but rather constitute new workspaces where work and workers are constituted and performed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    As the material we have collected could not be included in this chapter for copyright reasons, we provide this example which was published on Instagram by the first author.

  2. 2.

    We should note that this separation in five categories is more analytical than empirical. Indeed, posts like the examples we are presenting here offer the possibility of combining several of these dimensions.

  3. 3.

    See also Dale (2005) and Orlikowski (2007) for the entanglement of the social and the material in “sociomateriality”, and Vásquez and Cooren (2013, p. 25) for “space as sociomaterial interrelations”.

References

  • Aroles, J., Mitev, N., & de Vaujany, F. X. (2019). Mapping themes in the study of new work practices. New Technology, Work and Employment, 34(3), 285–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldry, C. (1997). The social construction of office space. International Labour Review, 136(3), 365–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyes, T., & Holt, R. (2020). The topographical imagination: Space and organization theory. Organization Theory, 1, 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blomberg, J., & Karasti, H. (2013). Reflections on 25 years of ethnography in CSCW. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 22(4–6), 373–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau, C., Endrissat, N., & Sergi, V. (2018). Imperfect is the new perfect: The documentation of work on social media. In Standing conference on Organizational Symbolism (SCOS). Theme: Wabi-sabi—Imperfection, Incompleteness and Impermanence in Organizational Life, Tokyo, Japan, August 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau, C., & Sergi, V. (2017). Work-related image sharing on Instagram : Implication for the understanding of social media affordance of visibility. In P. Kommers (Ed.), Proceedings of the international conference ICT, Society, and Human Beings 2017 (pp. 226–230). Lisbon, Portugal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2008). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bucher, T., & Helmond, A. (2017). The affordances of social media platforms. In J. Burgess, T. Poell, & A. Marwick (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social media. London and New York: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casilli, A., & Posada, J. (2019). The Platformization of labor and society. In M. Graham & W. H. Dutton (Eds.), Society and the Internet; How Networks of information and communication are changing our lives (2nd ed., pp. 293–307). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cath-Speth, C. (2019, February 12). Platform patricians and platform plebs: How social media favours the famous. New Statesman, NS Tech, Guest Opinion. Retrieved from https://tech.newstatesman.com/guest-opinion/social-media-celebrities

  • Ciolfi, L., & De Carvalho, A. F. P. (2014). Work practices, nomadicity and the mediational role of technology. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: An International Journal, 23(2), 119–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Concannon, M., & Nordberg, D. (2018). Boards strategizing in liminal spaces: Process and practice, formal and informal. European Management Journal, 36(1), 71–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, K. (2005). Building a social materiality: Spatial and embodied politics in organizational control. Organization, 12(5), 649–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, K., & Burrell, G. (2008). The spaces of organisation and the organisation of space: Power, identity and materiality at work. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, K., & Burrell, G. (2010). ‘All together, altogether better’: The ideal of ‘community’ in the spatial reorganization of the workplace. In A. van Marrewijk & D. Yanow (Eds.), Organizational spaces. Rematerializing the workaday world (pp. 19–40). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vaujany, F.-X., Dandoy, A., Grandazzi, A., & Faure, S. (2018). Experiencing a new place as an atmosphere: A focus on tours of collaborative spaces. Scandinavian Journal of Management., 35(2), 101030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Vaujany, F. X., & Mitev, N. (2013). Introduction: Space in organizations and sociomateriality. In F. X. de Vaujany & N. Mitev (Eds.), Materiality and space: Organizations, artefacts and practices (pp. 1–24). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, B. E., & Schwartz, B. (2018). Digital ‘women’s work?’: Job recruitment ads and the feminization of social media employment. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2972–2989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, C. A., Gibbs, S. J., & Rein, G. L. (1991). Groupware: Some issues and experiences. Communications of the ACM, 34(1), 35–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elsbach, K. D., & Bechky, B. A. (2007). It’s more than a desk: Working smarter through leveraged office design. California Management Review, 49(2), 80–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elsbach, K. D., & Pratt, M. G. (2007). The physical environment in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 1(1), 181–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endrissat, N., Islam, G., & Noppeney, C. (2016). Visual organizing: Balancing coordination and creative freedom via mood boards. Journal of Business Research, 69(7), 2353–2362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endrissat, N., & Sergi, V. (2017). The artist is (hyper)present. Performing and exhibiting cultural work on social media. In Conference of the CAMEo Research Institute for Cultural and Media Economies: Mediating Cultural Work: Texts, Objects and Politics, Leicester, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S. K., Pearce, K. E., Vitak, J., & Treem, J. (2017). Explicating affordances: A conceptual framework for understanding affordances in communication research. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 22(1), 35–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fayard, A.-L., & Weeks, J. (2007). Photocopiers and water-coolers: The affordances of informal interaction. Organization Studies, 28(5), 605–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, P. (2014). When ‘life itself’ goes to work: Reviewing shifts in organizational life through the lens of biopower. Human Relations, 67(7), 875–901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, P., & Spicer, A. (2014). Power in management and organization science. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 237–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital labour and Karl Marx. New York and London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gershon, I. (2016). I’m not a businessman, I’m a business, man’ typing the neoliberal self into a branded existence. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(3), 223–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halford, S. (2004). Towards a sociology of organizational space. Sociological Research Online, 9(1), 13–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halford, S. (2005). Hybrid workspace: Re‐spatialisations of work, organisation and management. New Technology, Work and Employment, 20(1), 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, P., & Spicer, A. (2011). Academic architecture and the constitution of the new model worker. Culture and Organization, 17(2), 91–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harper, R. H. R., Hughes, J. A., & Shapiro, D. Z. (1989). Working in harmony: An examination of computer technology in air traffic control. In ECSCW’89: Proceedings of the first European conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 73–86). Gatwick, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, C., Knoblauch, H., & Luff, P. (2000). Technology and social interaction: The emergence of workplace studies. British Journal of Sociology, 51(2), 299–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, C., & Luff, P. (1992). Collaboration and control: Crisis management and multimedia technology in London underground control rooms. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 1(1–2), 69–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hine, C. (2015). Ethnography for the Internet: Embedded, embodied and everyday. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53, 59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kingma, S. (2019). New ways of working (NWW): Work space and cultural change in virtualizing organizations. Culture and Organization, 25(5), 383–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornberger, M., & Clegg, S. R. (2004). Bringing space back in: Organizing the generative building. Organization Studies, 25(7), 1095–1114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, K. M., & Maleki, A. (2017). Micro-entrepreneurs, dependent contractors, and instaserfs: Understanding online labor platform workforces. Academy of Management Perspectives, 31(2), 183–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laestadius, L. (2017). Instagram. In A. Quan-Haase & L. Sloan (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social media research methods (pp. 573–592). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latzko-Toth, G., Bonneau, C., & Millette, M. (2017). Small data, thick data: Thickening strategies for trace-based social media research. In A. Quan-Haase & L. Sloan (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social media research methods (pp. 199–214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, S. (2016, March 10). Forbidden fruit: Why provocative art and Instagram don’t mix. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/mar/10/stephanie-sarley-provocative-art-instagram-blood-oranges-feminism-sexuality

  • Leonardi, P. M. (2014). Social media, knowledge sharing and innovation: Toward a theory of communication visibility. Information Systems Research, 25(4), 796–816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi, P. M., & Meyer, S. R. (2015). Social media as social lubricant: How ambient awareness eases knowledge transfer. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(1), 10–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi, P. M., & Vaast, E. (2017). Social media and their affordances for organizing: A review and agenda for research. The Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 150–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Locatelli, E. (2017). Images of breastfeeding on Instagram: Self-representation. Social Media and Society, 3(2), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majchrzak, A., Faraj, S., Kane, G. C., & Azad, B. (2013). The contradictory influence of social media affordances on online communal knowledge sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 38–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, D. P., Moore, C., & Barbour, K. (2015). Persona as method: Exploring celebrity and the public self through persona studies. Celebrity Studies, 6(3), 288–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marwick, A. E. (2014). Ethnographic and qualitative research on Twitter. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, & C. Puschmann (Eds.), Twitter and society (pp. 109–122). New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. (2005). For Space. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, P., & Neff, G. (2015). Imagined affordance: Reconstructing a keyword for communication theory. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 2056305115603385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nardi, B. A., & Engeström, Y. (1999). A web on the wind: The structure of invisible work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 8(1), 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldenburg, R. (1999). The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons, and other hangouts at the heart of a community. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollier-Malaterre, A., Rothbard, N. P., & Berg, J. M. (2013). When worlds collide in cyberspace: How boundary work in online social networks impacts professional relationships. Academy of Management Review, 38(4), 645–669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oostervink, N., Agterberg, M., & Huysman, M. (2016). Enterprise social media: Practices to cope with institutional complexity. Journal of Computed-Mediated Communication, 21(2), 156–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orlikowski, W. J. (2007). Sociomaterial practices: Exploring technology at work. Organization Studies, 28(9), 1435–1448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petriglieri, G., & Petriglieri, J. L. (2010). Identity workspaces: The case of business schools. Of Management Learning & Education, 9(1), 44–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigg, S. (2014). Coordinating constant invention: Social media’s role in distributed work. Technical Communication Quarterly, 23, 69–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, P. (1995). Transforming work: Collaboration, learning, and design. Communications of the ACM, 38(9), 36–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salovaara, P. (2015). What can the coworking movement tell us about the future of workplaces. In Leadership in spaces and places (pp. 27–48). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, K. (2000). The critical role of workplace studies in CSCW. In P. Luff, J. Hindmarsh, & C. Heath (Eds.), Workplace studies: Rediscovering work practice and informing design (pp. 141–149). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, K., & Bannon, L. (1992). Taking CSCW seriously: Supporting articulation work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 1(1), 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, T. (2012). Digital labor: The Internet as playground and factory. London and New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sergi, V., & Bonneau, C. (2016). Making mundane work visible on social media: A CCO investigation of working out loud on Twitter. Communication Research and Practice, 2(3), 378–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sergi, V., & Bonneau, C. (2017). As I see life at work: Sharing work experiences on social media. In 33rd EGOS Colloquium, Sub-theme 61: Viewing the Unseen Organization in Practice, Copenhagen, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shortt, H. (2015). Liminality, space and the importance of ‘transitory dwelling places’ at work. Human Relations, 68, 633–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. (1985). Work and the division of labour. Sociological Quarterly, 26(1), 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and situated actions: The problem of human-machine communication. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, L. (1996). Constituting shared workspaces. In Y. Engeström & D. Middleton (Eds.), Cognition and communication at work (pp. 35–60). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S., & Spicer, A. (2007). Time for space: A narrative review of research on organizational spaces. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 325–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treem, J. W., & Leonardi, P. M. (2012). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Communication Yearbook, 36, 143–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Marrewijk, A., & Yanow, D. (2010). Introduction. The spatial turn in organizational studies. In A. Van Marrewijk & D. Yanow (Eds.), Organizational spaces. Rematerializing the workaday world (pp. 1–16). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vásquez, C., & Cooren, F. (2013). Spacing practices: The communicative configuration of organizing through space-times. Communication Theory, 23(1), 25–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, S. (2002). Show me how it feels to work here: Using photography to research organizational aesthetics. ephemera, 2(3), 224–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, V., & Frenkel, M. (2011). Organizational aesthetics: Caught between identity regulation and culture jamming. Organization Science, 22(2), 503–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiting, R., Roby, H., Symon, G., & Chamakiotis, P. (2018). Participant-led video-diaries. In A. Bryman & D. A. Buchanan (Eds.), Unconventional methodology in organization and management research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claudine Bonneau .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bonneau, C., Endrissat, N., Sergi, V. (2021). Social Media as a New Workspace: How Working Out Loud (Re)Materializes Work. In: Mitev, N., Aroles, J., Stephenson, K.A., Malaurent, J. (eds) New Ways of Working. Technology, Work and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61687-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics